ankle and foot

Question 1

two main joints of the ankle

Answer 1

tibiotalar/talocrural, subtalar

Question 2

whats the tibiotalar/talocrural joint do and where is it located

Answer 2

connection between the end of the tibia/fibula and the talus –> allows for dorsi and plantar flexion

Question 3

whats the subtalar joint do and where is it located

Answer 3

articulation of the talus and calcaneus; synovial joint; allows for inversion and eversion

Question 4

5 main ligaments of the ankle

Answer 4

anterior talofibular, posterior talotibular, anterior and posterior inferior tibiofibular, deltoid, calcaneofibular

Question 5

major muscles in the ankle

Answer 5

gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallusis longus

Question 6

most commonly injured ligament in ankle sprain

Answer 6

anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)

Question 7

treatment for sprain

Answer 7

rice, taping/bracing, eliminate painful activites

Question 8

rehab for sprain

Answer 8

ROM excersies, stretching, strengthening

Question 9

3 arches of the foot

Answer 9

anterior transverse arch, medial longitudinal arch, lateral longitudinal arch

Question 10

whats turf toe

Answer 10

when the foot slides backwards forcefully hyperextending the big toe and injuring the ligament

Question 11

how to treat blisters

Answer 11

dont pop or remove skin unless the skin is flappy to help protect against infection, cover it with non-stick bandage and protect from further friction

Question 12

what cuases strains and where do the occur

Answer 12

typicaly occur over the muscles as a result of a violent contraction, overstretching and continued overuse

Question 13

whats the planta fascia

Answer 13

ligamentous tissue that extends from the anterior portion of the calcaneuos and spreads to the head of the metatarsal to provide support for the longitudinal arch of the foot

Question 14

signs of plantar fascitis

Answer 14

pain or tenderness in the bottom of the foot near the heel

Question 15

plantar fasciatis treatment

Answer 15

icing, massage, arch supportive shoes, gait correcting, wearing a boot at night if problem persists

Question 16

heel spur

Answer 16

bony growth on the calcaneous that causes painful inflammation; results from the plantar fascia stretching and pulling on its attachment site on the calcaneuous when the foot is flattened

Question 17

how do you treat heel spur

Answer 17

tape arch of the foot, use shoe inserts to help reduce pull of the plantar fascia on the calcaneuous

Question 18

muscle cramps

Answer 18

sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle due to fatigue, fractures, dehydration, lack of nutrients, poor flexibility, imprompertly fitted equipment

Question 19

treatment for muscle cramps

Answer 19

passive stretching, ice, hydration, massage, rest

Question 20

achillies tendonitis

Answer 20

inflamation in the Achilles tendon

Question 21

Achilles tendonitis treatment

Answer 21

stretching (prevention), ice, anti-inflammatories, physio, rest

Question 22

Achilles tendon rupture

Answer 22

tearing of the tendon tissues caused by excessive stress, overexertion or poor conditioning

Question 23

Achilles tendon rupture treatment

Answer 23

must be surgically repaired

Question 24

how to test for Achilles tendon rupture

Answer 24

thompson test; have feet in normal position over the end of the table, squeeze the calf muscle and if the feet move into plantar flexion the tendon is normal or partially torn, no movement is ruptured

Question 25

medial tibial stress syndrome

Answer 25

pain that occurs below the knee on either the front outside portion or the inside of the leg (shin splints)

Question 26

medial tibial stress syndrome treatment

Answer 26

ice, reduce activity level, gentle stretching; long term: physio, biomechanical assessment, anti-inflammatory medications, orthotic devices, strengthening/flexibility program

Question 27

stress fracture

Answer 27

incomplete crack in the bone that presents with a “hot spot” of sharp intense pain

Question 28

compartment syndrome

Answer 28

when there is swelling within one or more lower leg compartments usually caused by contusions, steroid use, fractures, excessive exercises, crush injuries, localized infections

Question 29

treatment for compartment syndrome

Answer 29

immediate transportation to the nearest medical facility; surgery is usually needed