Ankle and Foot

Question 1

Most common cause of acquired flat foot deformity in adults

Answer 1

Tibialis posterior dysfunction

More common in women - usually presents for years before diagnosis.
Leads to:
Pain and swelling posterior to medial malleolus
Change in foot shape
Dislike uneven surfaces
Lateral wall ‘impingement’ pain
Midfoot and ankle pain

Question 2

Causes of plantar fasciitis

Answer 2

Physical overload
Seronegative arthropathy
Abnormal foot shape

Question 3

Treatment for plantar fasciitis

Answer 3

NSAIDs
Night splints
Taping
Heel cups or medial arch supports
Physiotherapy
Steroid injection

Question 4

Morton’s neuroma

Answer 4

Degenerative fibrosis of digital merge near its bifurcation
Burning and tingling in toes
45-50, females

Question 5

Morton’s neuroma treatment

Answer 5

Insoles/injections
Surgical excision of the neuroma

Question 6

Tendo-achilles rupture

Answer 6

Usually over 40s
Unable to bear weight
Weak plantar flexion
Palpable painful gap
Positive Simmond’s test (calf squeeze)
“Feels like somebody hit me/tackled me”

Question 7

Jones fractures

Answer 7

Poor bloody supply, non-union in 25% of cases

Question 8

Lisfranc

Answer 8

Tarsometatarsal fracture dislocation, high energy trauma

Question 9

Calcaneal fracture

Answer 9

High energy, fall from height
Can cause foot compartment syndrome

Often presents with spine injuries

Question 10

Talus fracture

Answer 10

Forced dorsiflexion rapid deceleration
High risk of AVN and leads to OA