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Rec and Eval Lower Body > ankle > Flashcards

ankle Flashcards

1
Q

does the ankle have more ROM in plantar flexion or dorsiflexion?

A

plantarflexion

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2
Q

Medial ligaments?

A

The deltoid ( 4 ligaments)

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3
Q

lateral ligaments?

A

ATF - anteriortalofibular
CF- calcaneofibular
PTF - posteriortalofibular

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4
Q

anterior ligaments

A

anterior tibiofibular

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5
Q

Posterior ligaments

A

posterior tibiofibular

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6
Q

Interosseus membrane

A

between tibia and fibula

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7
Q

Arteries (2)

A

dorsal pedal

posterior tibial artery

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8
Q

Anterior Drawer. how many versions? what doe it test?

A
  1. regular and modified. test Anteior talofibular

modified- hip at 45, knee at 90, stabilize foot, push back on distal leg

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9
Q

Talar tilt. how many versions?

A
  1. inversion and eversion
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10
Q

inversion talar tilt. what does it test? how is it done?

A

talus instability.
foot held in slight dorsiflexion, pull talus into inversion.

tests: involvement of CF ligament, possibly with ATF and PTF ligaments

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11
Q

Kleiger’s. what does it test? how is it done?

A

hold ankle in neutral position or dorsiflexed, stabilize distal tibfib joint

neutral positoin: tests deltoid ligament
dorsiflexed: tests syndemosis

can imply: deltoid injury, syndemosis pathology, or fibular fracture

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12
Q

Subtalar joint play (Cotten Test)

A

external rotation test identifies syndesmosis pathology by forcing the talus and calcaneus against the lateral malleolus, causing it to be displaced laterally and posteriorly stressing the syndesmosis.

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13
Q

Cotten test (how to)

A

side lying. stabilize talus, the other hand cups calcaneus, force moves talus laterally or medially. positive test is increased or deceased lateral or medial talus translation

medial glide commonly associated with lateral ankle sprains

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14
Q

Eversion talar tilt

A

ankle in neutral position. tests for deltoid sprain
stabilize distal leg. pull talus into eversion

looking for gapping or pain

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15
Q

Squeeze and bump

A

squeeze = syndesmosis, fracture
bump = fracture
thompson test = achilles ruptured

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16
Q

Long Bone Compression Test

A

compression force on bones, looking for fracture, pain

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17
Q

Valgus/Varus stress test

A

tests medial and lateral ligaments of toes, generally the 1st toe.

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18
Q

Muddler’s sign

A

tests for interdigital neuroma. between 3&4 (normally - Morton’s neuroma)
squeeze met heads together without forming an arch.
look for pain.

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19
Q

what is a bunion

A

extra bone growth on the side of 1st or 5th toe. often due to over pronation or supination, shoe wear, valgus toe

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20
Q

what is Morton’s toe

A

when the 2nd ray is longer than the 1st.

-changes walking dynamics, shoe size issues

21
Q

Claw toes

A

hyper extension of MTP

flexion of PIP/DIP joint

22
Q

Hammer toes

A

hyper extension of MTP
flexion of PIP
extension of DIP

23
Q

Pes planus

A

lack of medial longitudinal arch
may have pn in arch or ankle
need orthotics

24
Q

Pes Cavus

A

high, rigid arch
claw toe is common
pn in arch - need cushioning

25
Q

Jones fracture

A

base of 5th MTP

26
Q

Avulsion fracture

A

5th MT styloid fractures

27
Q

March fracture

A

fracture of 2, 3, or 4.

stress fracture of distal 1/3 of tes.he metatarsal

28
Q

Lis franc injury

A

fracture in the tarsals (could be sprain or dislocation)

usually on toes, landed on with axial force

29
Q

hallux valgus causes..

A

bunion

30
Q

turf toe

A

1st MTP, sprain,
MOI: repeated hyper extension of toe. foot planted, forced into dorsiflexion.
extreme pn, can be very disabling

31
Q

sesamoiditis

A

Inflamed sesamoids

common in ballet dancers or from wearing high heels

32
Q

Lateral Ankle Sprain symptoms

A

pn in all motions, mostly plantar flexion and inversion

test with anterior drawer or inv talar tilt

33
Q

Syndesmosis sprain (high ankle sprain)

A

MOI:external rotation of foot, hyper dorsiflexion/plantarflexion,

  • some swelling
  • end ROM causes increase in pn

-positive Kleiger’s

34
Q

Medial Ankle Sprain

A
  • pain on deltoid
  • usually causes a fracture of fibula 1/3 of the way up
  • eversion talar tilt
  • squeeze test
35
Q

Tibial fracture

A

overuse pathology of the shaft

36
Q

fibular fracture

A

usually not from direct hit
comes with specific ankle pathologies
lower 1/3

37
Q

malleoli fracture

A

associated with ankle sprains

avulsion or direct hit

38
Q

L1-S2 sensory

A

L1, L2, L3 - descending diagonally on anterior thigh

L4 - knee, medial lower leg, medial foot
L5 - lateral lower leg, down and across top of foot
S1 - lateral foot, bottom of foot, achilles, (1/2 up lower leg)
S2 - popliteal space, up back of leg into hamstrings

39
Q

Reflexes

A

L4 - patellar tendon

some say L1-L4 play in this reflex

40
Q

Achilles tendon

A

S1 -

also S2

41
Q

Knee extension

A

Knee Extension - L3, L4

42
Q

Knee flexion

A

L5, S1

43
Q

Ankle dorsiflexion

A

L4, L5

44
Q

ankle plantar flexion

A

S1, S2

45
Q

Great toe extension

A

L5

46
Q

hip flexion

A

L1, L2, L3

47
Q

hip extension

A

L4, L5

48
Q

what order to perform neural eval?

A

dermatome, myotones, reflex

Rec and Eval Lower Body (6 decks)

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