ankigpt-export Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the four types of teeth and their functions?
Incisors (biting), canines (grasping), premolars (grinding), molars (crushing).
What is bile and what is its role in fat digestion?
Bile is a fluid containing bile acids critical for fat digestion by emulsifying fat globules into smaller droplets.
What is umami and how was it discovered?
Savory taste, discovered by Dr. Kikumae Ikeda in 1908. Often associated with ripe tomatoes and cheese.
What are the purposes of papillae on the tongue?
Gripping food and containing taste buds to perceive flavors.
What are the four stages of food processing in the digestive system?
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, egestion.
What are the raised areas on the tongue called?
Papillae.
What are the functions of saliva in the digestive system?
Moistens food, begins digestion, adjusts salt appetite, washes away bacteria.
What is peristalsis and how does it help in food digestion?
Wave-like muscle contractions to push food down the digestive tract, helping in swallowing and moving food along.
How does the tongue help in the initial stage of food digestion?
Mechanically breaks down food into small pieces and mixes it with saliva.
What is the role of the liver in the digestive system?
Processes and stores nutrients, filters blood, produces bile for fat digestion.
What are the five basic tastes the tongue can detect?
Bitter, salty, sour, sweet, umami.
What are the main parts of the digestive system involved in food processing?
Teeth, salivary glands, tongue, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine.
How does the number of taste buds differ between younger and older individuals?
Younger individuals have about 2 times more taste buds than older individuals.
What is the function of the digestive system?
Breaking down food into nutrients for absorption and elimination.
How does the large intestine contribute to digestion?
Absorbs water from waste, produces some vitamins, and hosts helpful bacteria for digestion.
Describe the three types of papillae on the tongue.
Fungiform (larger at the front), filiform (smaller at the front), vallate (large at the back).
Can you swallow your tongue? Why or why not?
No, due to the frenulum that connects the tongue to the mouth bottom and attachment to the pharynx.
Explain how the esophagus functions in the digestive system.
Muscular tube for food passage from mouth to stomach; bolus is pushed by peristalsis.
Can you see taste buds with the naked eye? Explain.
No, you see papillae, within which taste buds are located with about 100 receptors or taste cells per taste bud.
What is the bolus and what happens to it after it is formed on the tongue?
A ball of food formed on the tongue; passed to the pharynx and then to the esophagus for swallowing.
