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Human Osteology > Anitomical Terminology > Flashcards

Anitomical Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical Terminology

A
  • Internationally set of agreed rules (Landmarks ect.) to provide -Orientation when describing human anatomy and - to distinguish different movements of the human body.
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2
Q

Terminologia Anatomica (TA)

A

Is the international standard on human anatomic terminology.
-Was released in 1999 in Latin and English

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3
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Standing, looking forward, feet together and pointing forward, with palms facings forward and thumbs away from the body.

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4
Q

Left or Right in reference to who?

A

the subjects perspective.

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5
Q

Cranial skeleton anatomy

A

Refers to the skill

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6
Q

Post cranial anatomy or infracranial

A

Refers to the skeleton minus the cranium

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7
Q

The axial skeleton

A

the torso and the head

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8
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

The limbs

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9
Q

Sagittal plane

A

divides body in left and right

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10
Q

Coronal plane

A

Divides body in anterior and posterior

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11
Q

Transverse plane

A

divides body in interior and superior

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12
Q

3d terms - Cranial

A

Towards the head (or superior)

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13
Q

3d terms - Caudal

A

Towards the tail (or inferior - opposite of cranial)

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14
Q

Superior

A

Towards the supper cranium end of a feature

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15
Q

Inferior

A

Towards the lower (caudal) end of a feature (superior)

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16
Q

Anterior

A

Towards the front

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17
Q

Posterior

A

Towards the back

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18
Q

Medial

A

Towards the mid plane

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19
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the mid-plane

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20
Q

Ventral

A

Towards the front surface of a feature

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21
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the back of a feature

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22
Q

Proximal

A

Nearest the axial skeleton

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23
Q

Distal

A

Furthest from the axial skeleton

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24
Q

Palmar

A

Towards the palm

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25
Q

Plantar

A

Towards the sole

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26
Q

Volar

A

Towards the palm or sole

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27
Q

Superficial

A

Nearest the surface of the body

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28
Q

Deep

A

Opposite to superficial, further to the body surface

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29
Q

How do you describe two different variables? Give an example.

A

The terms are combined. E.g. Antero-lateral

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30
Q

External

A

Outer surface of a bone

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31
Q

Internal

A

Inside a bone

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32
Q

Endocranial

A

Inner surface of the cranial vault

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33
Q

Ectocranial

A

Outer surface of the cranial vault

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34
Q

Flexion

A

Bending movement that decreases an angle between body parts

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35
Q

Extension

A

a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts

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36
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of a body part, away from the sagittal plane

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37
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of a body part towards the sagittal plane

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38
Q

Pronation

A

Movement of the forearm that rotates the palm facing anteriorly (thumb lateral) to posteriorly (thumb medial)

39
Q

Supination

A

Movement that rotates the palm from posteriorly to anteriorly

40
Q

Circumduction

A

Combination of abduction, adduction, flexion and extension, that results in limb move in a cone-shaped path

41
Q

Rotation

A

Combination of supination and pronation, that results in limb moving on its own axis (i.e. shoulder “twist” w/ straight arm)

42
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Flexion of the feet away from the ground

43
Q

Plantarflexion (volarflexion)

A

Flexion of the foot interiorly towards the ground

44
Q

Eversion

A

Turning the sole of the foot outwards (laterally )

45
Q

Inversion

A

Turning the sole of the foot inwards (medially)

46
Q

protrusion

A

anterior movement of an object (i.e. jaw)

47
Q

Retrusion

A

posterior movement of an object (I.e. jaw)

48
Q

Opposition

A

Motion in which body parts are brought together

49
Q

Articulation

A

Area of bone contact

50
Q

Condyle

A

Rounded articulation (or articular process)

51
Q

Epicondyle

A

nonarticular projection adjacent to condyle

52
Q

Facet

A

Small articulation (or articular surface)

53
Q

Head

A

Large, round, usually articular end of a bone

54
Q

Shaft or diaphysis

A

Long, straight and tubular section of long bones

55
Q

Epiphysis

A

End portions of a long bone (expand into an articulation

56
Q

Body

A

Shaft or central portion of irregular bones

57
Q

Neck

A

Area between head and shaft

58
Q

process

A

Bony prominence

59
Q

Eminence

A

Bony projection (not as prominent as process)

60
Q

spine

A

Long, thin and sharp projection

61
Q

Tuberosity

A

Large, usually roughened eminence (tendon or ligament attachment)

62
Q

Tubercle

A

Small, usually roughened eminence (tendon or ligament attachment )

63
Q

Trochanter

A

Large prominent and blunt process found in the femur

64
Q

Malleolus

A

Rounded protuberance adjacent to the ankle joint

65
Q

Torus

A

a bony thickening

66
Q

Ridge

A

Linear bony elevation, often roughened

67
Q

Crest

A

Prominent, usually sharp ridge of bone

68
Q

Line

A

Raised surface, not as prominent as ridge or torus, or as sharp as crest

69
Q

Fossa

A

Broad and shallow depressed area

70
Q

Fovea

A

Pit-like depressed area

71
Q

Groove

A

Linear pit or furrow

72
Q

Sulcus

A

Long and wide groove

73
Q

fontanelle

A

space between cranial bones of an infant

74
Q

Suture

A

articulation between cranial bones

75
Q

Foramen

A

Opening through a bone

76
Q

Canal

A

Wide and tunnel like foramen

77
Q

Meatus

A

Short canal

78
Q

Sinus

A

Cavity within a cranial bone

79
Q

alveolus

A

Tooth socket

80
Q

Ante-

A

before, ahead, preceding

81
Q

anti-

A

opposite or against

82
Q

basi-

A

relating to the bottom of base

83
Q

brachi-

A

relating to the arm

84
Q

demi-

A

semi / half

85
Q

Ecto-

86
Q

endo-

87
Q

infra-

88
Q

inter-

89
Q

-osis

A

disease, disorder

90
Q

Osteo-

A

relating to bones

91
Q

peri-

A

near, around

92
Q

pre-

93
Q

supra-

A

above, beyond

94
Q

-trophy

A

maintenance, nourishment

Human Osteology (1 decks)

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