Animals Colonized Land

Question 1

Vertebrate Evolution

Answer 1

Jawless Fish (Cambrian)
Fish w/ Jaws (Silurian)
Devonian Period ("Age of fishes")
Lobe Fin Fishes (Rhipidistians; Devonian)
Early Tetrapods (Devonian)

Question 2

Lines of Morphological Evidence between Fish and Early Amphibians

Answer 2

• labrynthidont teeth
• shoulder/limb bones
• wrist/ankle bones

Question 3

Amphibian Reproductive Biology

Answer 3

bound to aqueous environment, must lay eggs in water

Question 4

How would the evolution of the first forest canopy facilitate tetrapod radiation in the Devonian Era?

Answer 4

• tree sized lycapod plants formed a protective canopy over the wetlands from the intense sunlight
• damp climate was the ideal environment for early tetrapods
• no predators on land
• lots of food not found in water

Question 5

Carboniferous: Temnospondyl Amphibians

Answer 5

large, flat bodied amphibians that were the most common group

Question 6

Carboniferous: Anthracosaurs

Answer 6

thought to be reptile ancestors

Question 7

Parallel evolution between seed plants and amniotes

Answer 7

• move away from aqueous environment
• made it possible for life to colonize drier habitats within continental interior
• evolution of seeds and amniote eggs

Question 8

First Reptiles

Answer 8

• during the Carboniferous

- Hylonomus

Question 9

Synapsids

Answer 9

give rise to mammals

• one temporal fenestrae

Question 10

Diapsids

Answer 10

evolve to dinosaurs, birds, etc.

• two temporal fenestrae

Question 11

Temporal Fenestrae

Answer 11

opening in the skull

Question 12

Therapsids

Answer 12

• likely warm-blooded (endothermic)
• upright posture and complex chewing apparatuses
• diversified and spread out very quickly
• temperature control (allowed them to live in cooler environments than cold blooded organisms)