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Biology 11 > Animals (25, 26) > Flashcards

Animals (25, 26) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of the animal phylum?

A
  • levels of organization
  • body symmetry
  • germ layers
  • body cavity
  • embryological development
  • segmentation
  • cephalization
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2
Q

How many levels of organization do Porifera have?

A

1: specialized cells

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3
Q

How many levels of organization do Cnidaria have?

A

2: specialized cells and tissues

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4
Q

How many levels of organization do Platyhelminthes have?

A

3: specialized cells, tissues, and organs

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5
Q

How many levels of organization do Nematoda have?

A

3: specialized cells, tissues, and organs

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6
Q

How many levels of organization do Arthropoda have?

A

3: specialized cells, tissues, and organs

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7
Q

How many levels of organization do Annelida have?

A

3: specialized cells, tissues, and organs

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8
Q

How many levels of organization do Mollusks have?

A

3: specialized cells, tissues, and organs

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9
Q

How many levels of organization do Echinoderms have?

A

3: specialized cells, tissues, and organs

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10
Q

How many levels of organization do Chordates have?

A

3: specialized cells, tissues, and organs

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11
Q

What kind of body symmetry does Porifera have?

A

Porifera is absent of any body symmetry

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12
Q

What kind of body symmetry does Cnidaria have?

A

Radial Symmetry

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13
Q

What kind of body symmetry does Platyhelminthes have?

A

Biateral Symmetry

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14
Q

What kind of body symmetry does Nematoda have?

A

Bilateral Symmetry

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15
Q

What kind of body symmetry does Arthropoda have?

A

Bilateral Symmetry

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16
Q

What kind of body symmetry does Annelida have?

A

Bilateral Symmetry

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17
Q

What kind of body symmetry do Mollusks have?

A

Bilateral Symmetry

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18
Q

What kind of body symmetry does Echinodermata have?

A

Radial Symmetry (as adults)

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19
Q

What kind of body symmetry do Chordates have?

A

Bilateral Symmetry

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20
Q

How many germ layers do Porifera have?

A

No germ layers

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21
Q

How many germ layers do Cnidaria have?

A

Two

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22
Q

How many germ layers do Platyhelminthes have?

A

Three

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23
Q

How many germ layers do Nematoda have?

A

Three

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24
Q

How many germ layers do Arthropoda have?

A

Three

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25
Q

How many germ layers do Annelida have?

A

Three

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26
Q

How many germ layers do Mollusks have?

A

Three

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27
Q

How many germ layers do Echinoderms have?

A

Three

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28
Q

How many germ layers do Chordates have?

A

Three

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29
Q

What type of body cavity do Porifera have?

A

No body cavity

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30
Q

What type of body cavity do Cnidaria have?

A

Acoelum

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31
Q

What type of body cavity do Platyhelminthes have?

A

Acoelum

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32
Q

What type of body cavity do Nematoda have?

A

Pseudocoelum

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33
Q

What type of body cavity do Arthropoda have?

A

True Coelum

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34
Q

What type of body cavity do Annelida have?

A

True Coelum

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35
Q

What type of body cavity do Mollusks have?

A

True Coelum

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36
Q

What type of body cavity do Echinodermata have?

A

True Coelum

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37
Q

What type of body cavity do Chordates have?

A

True Coelum

38
Q

What is the embryological development of Porifera?

A

None

39
Q

What is the embryological development of Cnidaria?

A

None

40
Q

What is the embryological development of Platyhelminthes?

A

Protostome

41
Q

What is the embryological development of Nematoda?

A

Protostome

42
Q

What is the embryological development of Arthropoda?

A

Protostome

43
Q

What is the embryological development of Annelida?

A

Protostome

44
Q

What is the embryological development of Mollusks?

A

Protostome

45
Q

What is the embryological development of Echinoderms?

A

Deuterostome

46
Q

What is the embryological development of Chordates?

A

Deuterostome

47
Q

Is segmentation present in Porifera?

A

Absent

48
Q

Is segmentation present in Cnidaria?

A

Absent

49
Q

Is segmentation present in Platyhelminthes?

A

Absent

50
Q

Is segmentation present in Nematoda?

A

Absent

51
Q

Is segmentation present in Arthropoda?

A

Present

52
Q

Is segmentation present in Annelida?

A

Present

53
Q

Is segmentation present in Mollusks?

A

Absent

54
Q

Is segmentation present in Echinodermata?

A

Absent

55
Q

Is segmentation present in Chordates?

A

Present

56
Q

Is cephalization present in Porifera?

A

Absent

57
Q

Is cephalization present in Cnidaria?

A

Absent

58
Q

Is cephalization present in Platyhelminthes?

A

Present

59
Q

Is cephalization present in Nematoda?

A

Present

60
Q

Is cephalization present in Arthropoda?

A

Present

61
Q

Is cephalization present in Annelida?

A

Present

62
Q

Is cephalization present in Mollusks?

A

Present

63
Q

Is cephalization present in Echinodermata?

A

Absent (as adults)

64
Q

Is cephalization present in Chordates?

A

Present

65
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of Animals?

A
  • eukaryotic (cells have a nucleus)
  • lack cell walls
  • heterotrophic (consume other things to obtain energy)
  • multicellular (more than one cell)
66
Q

How many years ago did fossils of multicellular animals show evolution?

A

600 MYA

67
Q

What does “fauna” mean?

A

“animal life”

68
Q

What was the Ediacaran Fauna?

A

Animals existed who are extinct now that had different body plans than the 9 basic body plans (phyla) (Austrailia)

69
Q

What was the Cambrian Explosion?

A

An “explosion” 530 MYA where so many different types of animals evolved suddenly in a span of 15 million years (Canada)

70
Q

What happened by the end of the Cambrian Explosion?

A

All the basic body plans of the 9 modern phyla had evolved

71
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: There are more invertebrates than vertebrates.

A

TRUE, invertebrates live in amost every ecosystem and food web

72
Q

Porifera Fast Facts? (3)

A
  • have tiny pores (holes) all over ther body
  • no mouth
  • no anus
73
Q

Cnidaria Fast Facts? (5)

A
  • soft bodies
  • stinging tentacles in circles around mouth
  • some make hard skeletons (houses) like coral
  • some live individually, some live in colonies
  • mouth only (no anus)
74
Q

Arthropoda Fast Facts? (3)

A
  • exoskeleton
  • jointed appendages
  • mouth and anus
75
Q

Nematoda (Roundworms) Fast Facts? (4)

A
  • unsegmented worms
  • have mouth & anus
  • some free-living, some parasitic
  • closest relatives are arthropods
76
Q

Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Fast Facts? (3)

A
  • flat
  • unsegmented worms
  • usually only a few millimeters thick
77
Q

Annelida (Segmented Worms) Fast Facts? (3)

A
  • name comes from annellus, meaning “little rings”
  • segments look like rings around their bodies
  • many have trocophore larvae
78
Q

Mollusca Fast Facts? (2)

A
  • usually have an internal or external shell

- have a free-swimming trocophore larvae

79
Q

Echinodermata Fast Facts? (5)

A
  • spiny skin
  • internal skeleton
  • many suction-cup-like feet
  • adults have 5 part radial symmetry (but larvae are bilateral and cephalized)
  • deuterostomes
80
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: No chordates are invertabrates?

A

FALSE: Some chordates are invertebrates

81
Q

What are ancient chordates most closely related to?

A

Echinoderms

82
Q

What did fossils show about the ancient chordates? (8)

A
  • dorsol hollow nerve chord
  • notochord
  • tail
  • gill slits
  • paired muscles
  • fins
  • skull-like structure
  • skeleton made of cartilage
83
Q

What are the 6 major groups of chordates?

A
  • nonchordate invertebrates
  • fishes
  • amphibians
  • reptiles
  • birds
  • mammals
84
Q

Porifera key characteristics? (2)

A
  • have internal skeletons of spongin and/or spicules of calcium carbonate or silica
  • are aquatic
85
Q

Cnidaria key characteristics? (4)

A
  • aquatic
  • mostly carnivorous
  • tentacles have stinging cells called nematocysts used in feeding
  • have outer skin and lining of the gastrovascular cavity
86
Q

Arthropods key characteristics? (4)

A
  • most diverse of all multicellular organisms
  • segmentated bodies and joined appendages
  • supported by tough exoskeletons skeletons made of chitin
  • exoskeletons shed as they grow
87
Q

Nematodes (Roundworms) key characteristics? (3)

A
  • unsegemented with tough outer cuticle
  • they “molt” as they grow, showing they are close relative tos arthropods
  • simplist animal to have a “one way” digestive system where food passes from mouth to anus
88
Q

Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) key characteristics? (2)

A
  • soft worms

- simplist animal to have 3 embryonic germ layers

89
Q

Annelids (Segmentated Worms) key characteristics? (1)

A
  • body made of segments separated by internal partitions
90
Q

Mollusks key characteristics? (3)

A
  • soft bodies that typically include a muscular foot
  • body forms vary greatly
  • some posses a hard shell secreted by mantle, but some only have hard internal structure
91
Q

Echinoderms key characteristics? (3)

A
  • marine animals
  • spiny skin surrounding and endoskeleton
  • uniquie water vascular system includes tube feet with suction cup-like ends used in moving and feeding

Biology 11 (2 decks)

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