Animals (25, 26) Flashcards by Sakura Kubota

Q

What are the 7 characteristics of the animal phylum?

A

levels of organization
body symmetry
germ layers
body cavity
embryological development
segmentation
cephalization

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Q

How many levels of organization do Porifera have?

A

1: specialized cells

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Q

How many levels of organization do Cnidaria have?

A

2: specialized cells and tissues

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Q

How many levels of organization do Platyhelminthes have?

A

3: specialized cells, tissues, and organs

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Q

How many levels of organization do Nematoda have?

A

3: specialized cells, tissues, and organs

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Q

How many levels of organization do Arthropoda have?

A

3: specialized cells, tissues, and organs

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Q

How many levels of organization do Annelida have?

A

3: specialized cells, tissues, and organs

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Q

How many levels of organization do Mollusks have?

A

3: specialized cells, tissues, and organs

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Q

How many levels of organization do Echinoderms have?

A

3: specialized cells, tissues, and organs

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Q

How many levels of organization do Chordates have?

A

3: specialized cells, tissues, and organs

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Q

What kind of body symmetry does Porifera have?

A

Porifera is absent of any body symmetry

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Q

What kind of body symmetry does Cnidaria have?

A

Radial Symmetry

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Q

What kind of body symmetry does Platyhelminthes have?

A

Biateral Symmetry

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Q

What kind of body symmetry does Nematoda have?

A

Bilateral Symmetry

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Q

What kind of body symmetry does Arthropoda have?

A

Bilateral Symmetry

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Q

What kind of body symmetry does Annelida have?

A

Bilateral Symmetry

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Q

What kind of body symmetry do Mollusks have?

A

Bilateral Symmetry

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Q

What kind of body symmetry does Echinodermata have?

A

Radial Symmetry (as adults)

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Q

What kind of body symmetry do Chordates have?

A

Bilateral Symmetry

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Q

How many germ layers do Porifera have?

A

No germ layers

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Q

How many germ layers do Cnidaria have?

A

Two

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Q

How many germ layers do Platyhelminthes have?

A

Three

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Q

How many germ layers do Nematoda have?

A

Three

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Q

How many germ layers do Arthropoda have?

A

Three

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How many germ layers do Annelida have?

Three

How many germ layers do Mollusks have?

Three

How many germ layers do Echinoderms have?

Three

How many germ layers do Chordates have?

Three

What type of body cavity do Porifera have?

No body cavity

What type of body cavity do Cnidaria have?

Acoelum

What type of body cavity do Platyhelminthes have?

Acoelum

What type of body cavity do Nematoda have?

Pseudocoelum

What type of body cavity do Arthropoda have?

True Coelum

What type of body cavity do Annelida have?

True Coelum

What type of body cavity do Mollusks have?

True Coelum

What type of body cavity do Echinodermata have?

True Coelum

What type of body cavity do Chordates have?

True Coelum

What is the embryological development of Porifera?

None

What is the embryological development of Cnidaria?

None

What is the embryological development of Platyhelminthes?

Protostome

What is the embryological development of Nematoda?

Protostome

What is the embryological development of Arthropoda?

Protostome

What is the embryological development of Annelida?

Protostome

What is the embryological development of Mollusks?

Protostome

What is the embryological development of Echinoderms?

Deuterostome

What is the embryological development of Chordates?

Deuterostome

Is segmentation present in Porifera?

Absent

Is segmentation present in Cnidaria?

Absent

Is segmentation present in Platyhelminthes?

Absent

Is segmentation present in Nematoda?

Absent

Is segmentation present in Arthropoda?

Present

Is segmentation present in Annelida?

Present

Is segmentation present in Mollusks?

Absent

Is segmentation present in Echinodermata?

Absent

Is segmentation present in Chordates?

Present

Is cephalization present in Porifera?

Absent

Is cephalization present in Cnidaria?

Absent

Is cephalization present in Platyhelminthes?

Present

Is cephalization present in Nematoda?

Present

Is cephalization present in Arthropoda?

Present

Is cephalization present in Annelida?

Present

Is cephalization present in Mollusks?

Present

Is cephalization present in Echinodermata?

Absent (as adults)

Is cephalization present in Chordates?

Present

What are the 4 characteristics of Animals?

- eukaryotic (cells have a nucleus) - lack cell walls - heterotrophic (consume other things to obtain energy) - multicellular (more than one cell)

How many years ago did fossils of multicellular animals show evolution?

600 MYA

What does "fauna" mean?

"animal life"

What was the Ediacaran Fauna?

Animals existed who are extinct now that had different body plans than the 9 basic body plans (phyla) (Austrailia)

What was the Cambrian Explosion?

An "explosion" 530 MYA where so many different types of animals evolved suddenly in a span of 15 million years (Canada)

What happened by the end of the Cambrian Explosion?

All the basic body plans of the 9 modern phyla had evolved

TRUE OR FALSE: There are more invertebrates than vertebrates.

TRUE, invertebrates live in amost every ecosystem and food web

Porifera Fast Facts? (3)

- have tiny pores (holes) all over ther body - no mouth - no anus

Cnidaria Fast Facts? (5)

- soft bodies - stinging tentacles in circles around mouth - some make hard skeletons (houses) like coral - some live individually, some live in colonies - mouth only (no anus)

Arthropoda Fast Facts? (3)

- exoskeleton - jointed appendages - mouth and anus

Nematoda (Roundworms) Fast Facts? (4)

- unsegmented worms - have mouth & anus - some free-living, some parasitic - closest relatives are arthropods

Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Fast Facts? (3)

- flat - unsegmented worms - usually only a few millimeters thick

Annelida (Segmented Worms) Fast Facts? (3)

- name comes from annellus, meaning "little rings" - segments look like rings around their bodies - many have trocophore larvae

Mollusca Fast Facts? (2)

- usually have an internal or external shell | - have a free-swimming trocophore larvae

Echinodermata Fast Facts? (5)

- spiny skin - internal skeleton - many suction-cup-like feet - adults have 5 part radial symmetry (but larvae are bilateral and cephalized) - deuterostomes

TRUE OR FALSE: No chordates are invertabrates?

FALSE: Some chordates are invertebrates

What are ancient chordates most closely related to?

Echinoderms

What did fossils show about the ancient chordates? (8)

- dorsol hollow nerve chord - notochord - tail - gill slits - paired muscles - fins - skull-like structure - skeleton made of cartilage

What are the 6 major groups of chordates?

- nonchordate invertebrates - fishes - amphibians - reptiles - birds - mammals

Porifera key characteristics? (2)

- have internal skeletons of spongin and/or spicules of calcium carbonate or silica - are aquatic

Cnidaria key characteristics? (4)

- aquatic - mostly carnivorous - tentacles have stinging cells called nematocysts used in feeding - have outer skin and lining of the gastrovascular cavity

Arthropods key characteristics? (4)

- most diverse of all multicellular organisms - segmentated bodies and joined appendages - supported by tough exoskeletons skeletons made of chitin - exoskeletons shed as they grow

Nematodes (Roundworms) key characteristics? (3)

- unsegemented with tough outer cuticle - they "molt" as they grow, showing they are close relative tos arthropods - simplist animal to have a "one way" digestive system where food passes from mouth to anus

Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) key characteristics? (2)

- soft worms | - simplist animal to have 3 embryonic germ layers

Annelids (Segmentated Worms) key characteristics? (1)

- body made of segments separated by internal partitions

Mollusks key characteristics? (3)

- soft bodies that typically include a muscular foot - body forms vary greatly - some posses a hard shell secreted by mantle, but some only have hard internal structure

Echinoderms key characteristics? (3)

- marine animals - spiny skin surrounding and endoskeleton - uniquie water vascular system includes tube feet with suction cup-like ends used in moving and feeding