Animalia Flashcards by Djimon Wynn

Is animalia a Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

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Is animalia a Autotroph or Heterotroph

Heterotroph

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Is animalia multicellular or unicellular

All Multicellular

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Are they mobile or immobile

Mostly Mobile

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Do animals have cell walls

They do not have cell walls

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Unique thing about this kingdom

Is the most successful kingdom

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What are the 3 classifications for animals

Vertebral Column
Body Symmetry
Temperature Regulations

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What are the two vertebral columns

Invertebrate and Vertebrate

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What are the animals in invertebrate

Porifera (Sponges)
Coelenterates/Phylum Cnidaria (Coral reefs, Jelly Fish)
Vermes (Worms)
Arthropods (Insect, Arachnid)
Echinodermata (Star fish, Sea cucumber)
Mollusc (Snails, Clams)

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What are the animals in vertebrate

Pisces (Fish)
Amphibian
Reptile
Aves
Mammals

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What are the 3 types of Body Symmetry

Asymmetry: No general Plans/Axis
Radial Symmetry: 2 equal halves by any cut that passed through the center of the organism
Bilateral Symmetry: 2 equal halves by cutting the animals long axis

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What are the 2 types of body temperature and characteristics

Poikolotherms:
- Cold Blooded
- Cannot Control Body Temperature
- Always same with environment

Homeotherms:
- Warm Blooded
- Can Control own Body Temperature
- Maintain its temperature

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Mention the characteristics of Porifera and an example. Body Symmetry, Habitat, Reproduction, Germ Layers, Nervous System, Digestive System, Segmentation, and Example, and other special characteristics

Filter feeder (Filters the water around)
Body Symmetry: Asymmetrical
Habitat: Marine, Freshwater, lake, stream
Reproduction: Sexual: Spawning, Asexual: Fragmentation
Germ Layers: Diploblastic: ectoderm and endoderm
Nervous System: No nervous System
Digestive System: No digestive System
Segmentation: Unsegmented

Ex: Sponge

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Mention the body structure and functions of Porifera

Osculum: Water out
Ostium: Water in
Spongocoel
Choanocytes: Absorb water and pump it to all the amoebocytes (Sponge Cells)
Amoebocytes: Transport food to other cells from the water whilst filtering the water making it cleaner

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Types of Amoebocytes and arrange it in order of filters the least efficient to most efficient

Asconoid
Syconoid
Leuconoid

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Mention the characteristics of Coelenterates. Body Symmetry, Habitat, Reproduction, Germ Layers, Nervous System, Digestive System, Segmentation, and Example, and other special characteristics

Body Symmetry: Radially
Habitat: Marine, Freshwater
Reproduction: Sexual: Spawning, Asexual: Budding
Germ Layers: Diploblastic: ectoderm and endoderm
Nervous System: Have nervous System
Digestive System: Incomplete Digestive System
Segmentation: Segmented

Ex: Coral Reef, Jellyfish

Coelenterates are carnivores describe its feeding process

Tentacles sting prey with nematocysts
Tentacles grab prey
Prey pulled into mouth
Prey stuffed into Gastro-Vascular Cavity (GVC)
GVC makes enzymes, intra-cellular digestion
Undigested food back out mouth

Body Structure for Coelenterates

A. Polymorphism: More than 1 body form:
1: Polyp: Immobile ex. Sea anemone
2: Medusa: Mobile ex. Jellyfish

Mention the Characteristics for Vermes. Body Symmetry, Habitat, Reproduction, Germ Layers, Nervous System, Digestive System, Segmentation, and Example, and other special characteristics

Hermaphrodite (2 Gametes in 1 Body)
Body Symmetry: Bilateral
Habitat: Land, Freshwater
Reproduction: Sexual: Fertilization
Germ Layers: Triploblastic: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Nervous System: Have nervous System
Digestive System: Complex Digestive System
Segmentation: Segmented

Ex: Worm

The 3 types of Vermes are

Platyhelminthes (Flat Worms)
Nematods (Round Worms)
Amelids (Segmented Worms)

What are the 3 classes of Platyhelminthes

A. Platyhelminthes (Flat worms)
- Divided into 3 Classes:
1) Turbellaria: Planaria (High Regeneration
2) Tremotoda: Clonorchis Sinesis, Fasciola Hepatica (Causes parasite in liver disease)
3) Cestoda: Taenia Saginata (Cow), Taenia Solium (Pig) -> Tape Worm

What are Nematods

B. Nematods (Round Worms)
- All parasites and Causes Disease
- Examples:
Ascaris Lumbricoides
Wuchereria Bancrofti (Elephantiasis)

What are the 3 classes of Amelids

C. Amelids (Segmented Worms)
- Divided into 3 Classes:
1) Polychaeta: Christmas Tree Worm
2) Oligochaeta: Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris)
3) Hirodinea: Leech (Hirudo Medicinalis)
-> Contain Anesthetic
-> Contain anti-congulant (Anti-blood clot)
-> Has sucker on its mouth

Mention the characteristics of Arthropods. Body Symmetry, Habitat, Reproduction, Germ Layers, Nervous System, Digestive System, Segmentation, and Example, and other special characteristics

Segmented Body
Jointed Legs
Open circulatory system
Has Exoskeleton (Outer Skeleton)
Body Symmetry: Bilateral
Habitat: Marine, Freshwater, Land
Reproduction: Sexual: Fertilization
Germ Layers: Triploblastic: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Nervous System: Have nervous System (Longitudinal Nerve Cord)
Digestive System: Complete digestive system
Segmentation: Segmented

Ex: Insect, Arachnid

The 4 Classes of Arthropods are

Insect, Arachnid, Crustacean, Myriapods

Mention the example, legs, antennae, body part of Insect

Example: Butterfly, Flies, etc Legs: 3 Pairs Antennae: 1 Pair Body Part: 3 parts: Head, Thorax (Chest), Abdomen (Stomach)

Mention the example, legs, antennae, body part of Arachnid

Example: Spider, Scorpion, etc Legs: 4 Pairs Antennae: No Body Part: 2 parts: Cephalothorax, (head fuse with chest), Abdomen (Stomach)

Mention the example, legs, antennae, body part of Crustacean

Example: Lobster, Shrimp, etc Legs: 5/more Pairs Antennae: 2 Pair Body Part: 2 parts: Cephalothorax, Abdomen

Mention the example, legs, antennae, body part of Myriapods

Example: Centipedes, Millipedes, etc Legs: 10/more Pairs Antennae: 1 Pair Body Part: Thorax and Abdomen hard to distinguish

Mention the characteristics of Echinodermata. Body Symmetry, Habitat, Reproduction, Germ Layers, Nervous System, Digestive System, Segmentation, and Example, and other special characteristics

Pentaradal Symmetry (Adult) Bilateral Symmetry (Larvae) Ambulacral System (Circulatory) - The first with Endoskeleton (Inside) - Marine Organism - Body Symmetry: Radial - Habitat: Every Ocean - Reproduction: Sexual: Fertilization, Asexual: Fragmentation - Germ Layers: Triploblastic: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm - Nervous System: Have nervous System (Longitudinal Nerve Cord) - Digestive System: Simple Digestive System - Segmentation: Unsegmented Ex: Insect, Arachnid

Echinodermata divided into 5 classes

1. Crinoidea: ex. Sea Lilies 2. Asteroidea: ex. Starfish 3. Ophiuroidea: ex. Brittle Star 4. Echinoidea: ex. Sea Urchin 5. Holotharoidea: ex. Sea Cucumber

Mention the characteristics of Mollusc. Body Symmetry, Habitat, Reproduction, Germ Layers, Nervous System, Digestive System, Segmentation, and Example, and other special characteristics

- Soft Body - Body covered by mostly external shell - Contains visceral mass as digestive system - Body Symmetry: Bilateral - Habitat: Marine, Land, Freshwater - Reproduction: Sexual: Fertilization - Germ Layers: Triploblastic: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm - Nervous System: Develop nervous System - Digestive System: One Way Digestive System - Segmentation: Segmented Ex: Snails, Clams

Mollusc divided into 3 classes

1. Gastropoda: (moves by their stomach) ex: snails 2. Bivalvia (moves by their flat feet) ex: Clams & Shells 3. Cephalopoda (moves using their head) ex: Octopus

What are the characteristics of Vertebrates

- Has notochord during embryologic state - Notochord develop into back bone

Mention the body covering, heart, respiration, body temp control, fertilization, method of release young, movement, example, and unique features of Pisces

- Body Covering: Soft Scales - Heart: 2 Chambers - Respiration: Gills - Body Temp Control: Poikilothermic - Fertilization: External - Method of Release Young: Ovipar (Laying eggs) - Movement: Fins - Examples: Sharks, Goldfish - Unique Features: Air Sac in their Abdomen

Mention the body covering, heart, respiration, body temp control, fertilization, method of release young, movement, example, and unique features of Amphibians

- Body Covering: Moist Skin - Heart: 3 Chambers - Respiration: Gills, Skin, Lungs - Body Temp Control: Poikilothermic - Fertilization: External - Method of Release Young: Ovipar (Laying eggs) - Movement: Fins, Legs - Examples: Frogs, Axolotl - Unique Features: Metamorphosis, Lives in 2 types of Habitat

Mention the body covering, heart, respiration, body temp control, fertilization, method of release young, movement, example, and unique features of Reptile

- Body Covering: Dry Scale - Heart: 4 Chambers - Respiration: Lungs - Body Temp Control: Poikilothermic - Fertilization: Internal - Method of Release Young: Ovipar (Laying eggs), some vivipar (giving birth) - Movement: Legs, Body Muscle - Examples: Snake, Crocodile - Unique Features: Mimicry

Mention the body covering, heart, respiration, body temp control, fertilization, method of release young, movement, example, and unique features of Aves

- Body Covering: Feathers - Heart: 4 Chambers - Respiration: Lungs - Body Temp Control: Homothermic - Fertilization: Internal - Method of Release Young: Ovipar (Laying eggs) - Movement: Legs, Wings - Examples: Eagle, Pigeon - Unique Features: Air Sac in their Lungs

Mention the body covering, heart, respiration, body temp control, fertilization, method of release young, movement, example, and unique features of Mammals

- Body Covering: Hairs - Heart: 4 Chambers - Respiration: Lungs - Body Temp Control: Homothermic - Fertilization: Internal - Method of Release Young: Vivipar (Giving Birth) some Ovipar (Laying eggs) - Movement: Legs, Fins, Wings - Examples: Humans, Cows - Unique Features: Mammary Glands (breast milk)