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Y1 - SRUC - Semester 2 > Animal welfare and behaviour > Flashcards

Animal welfare and behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Define term animal welfare

A

State
Individual
Attempt
Cope
Environment

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2
Q

Concepts related to animal welfare

A

Feelings
Health
Needs
Stress
Freedoms
Ability to cope
Sentience

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3
Q

What does coping with imply?

A

Mental+physical stability
react + withstand
changes in environment

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4
Q

5 welfare needs

A

Environment
Diet
Normal behaviours
Housed with/apart
Protection from pain, suffering, injury & disease

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5
Q

Meaning of emotional adaptability

A

Relate emotions with experiences & changes in environment
Can alter responses to help them cope

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6
Q

Sentience meaning

A

Ability & awareness
Feel & experience emotions
Learn from exp.
Process & adapt to these experiences

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7
Q

Speciesism

A

Humans = superior to other non-humans
Only humans shld have rights & protection

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8
Q

Utilitarianism

A

All animals are equal
Advocated by Peter Singer
Sentience is the only important criterion

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9
Q

Animal rights position on using animals

A

Animals shld never be used for humans’ benefit
Morally wrong
Causes pain and suffering

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10
Q

Animal welfare position on using animals

A

Can be done for humans’ benefit
As long as it doesn’t cause suffering/ pain

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11
Q

Primary animal welfare legislation in Scotland?

A

Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) 2006

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12
Q

What 4 criteria for protected animals in primary act?

A

Vertebrate
Endemic to the UK
Under control of humans
Not living in a wild state

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13
Q

What is a prohibited procedure?

A

That can only be done by QP (e.g. VS)
Exclude medical surgical treatment
e.g. mutilation

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14
Q

Examples of secondary legislations

A

Prohibited procedures on protected Animals (Exemptions) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2017

Microchipping of dogs (Scotland) Regulation 2016

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15
Q

Possible repercurtions if someones doesn’t comply with Care Notice?

A

Repossession & removal of animal
Disqualification or seizure order
Fine
Prison

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16
Q

Legislation that governs breeding of dogs, cats and rabbits in Scotland?

A

Animal Welfare (Licensing of Activities Involving Animals) (Scotland) Regulations 2021
Secondary leg.

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17
Q

What are 2 things a breeding establishment needs before it can operate?

A

Satisfactory insepction by Local Authority
Licence issued

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18
Q

When do you need a licence to breed?

A

If breeding 3 or more litters during 12 month periods (dogs/cat)
If more than 6 litters under 12 mo. (rabbits)

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19
Q

For cats, what is the max amount of litters/ year?

A

2 litters per cat max per annum

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20
Q

4 Licence conditions for dogs

A

Min. 12 mo
Max. 8 yo
Max 1 litter/year
Max 6 litters/ lifetime

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21
Q

4 licence conditions for cats

A

Min. 10 mo
Max. 8 yo
Max 2 litters/year
Max 8 litters/ lifetime

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22
Q

4 licence conditions for rabbits

A

Min. 5 mo
Max. 6 yo
Max 4 litters/year
Max 16 litters/ lifetime

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23
Q

Microchipping regulations for licence holders?

A

Must microchip dogs and register their details

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24
Q

What is category 3 dog breed?

A

Identified by KC as part of their Breed Watch Scheme (highest concern - conformation - health & welfare)

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25
Q

4 welfare implications for puppies from puppy farms?

A

Increase mortality
More prone to health issues
Less likely to be vaccinated
Trauma possible if removed too young from mum
Lack of socalisation

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26
Q

2 examples of healthand welfare issues due to intensive dog breeding

A

Syringomyelia - CKC - Small skull size + cysts in spinal cord blocking spinal fluid
Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome - Pug - breathing issues

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27
Q

Why is ear cropping a welfare issue?

A

Infections
Painful/ time to heal
Affects communication
Affect temperament

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28
Q

Dogs behaviour: what do dogs do but not wolves?

A

Habituated to humans
Don’t eat prey they hunted
Barking even though adults (dogs remain juveniles - only young wolves bark)

29
Q

How are dogs physically different from wolves?

A

Smaller brain to body mass ratio
Less powerful jaws
Compacted teeth
Come into oestrus twice as often

30
Q

Dog behaviours that could be an issue

A

Digging
Howling
Greeting ritual

31
Q

2 examples of behaviours linked to specific genes

A

Dopamine receptor gene - rage syndrome/agreesive issues in Cocker spaniels
Cadherin gene - canine compulsive disorder - Doberman

32
Q

4 behavioural traits useful to match dogs and new dog owners?

A

Trainability
Housetraining
Affection towards family
Aggression to family

33
Q

Behavioural characteristics of neonates

A

Rooting reflex (no thermoregulation)
Suckling reflex (to find teats)
Olfactory imprinting
Head bobs up and down

34
Q

7 groups of dogs

A

Gundogs
Working dogs
Herding dogs
Hounds
Terriers
Companion Toy
Companion utility

35
Q

Transitional period - dogs

A

2-4 weeks
Eyes opening 10-16 days
Startle response
Anogenital licking by dam stops
Movements more coordinated
Start social play

36
Q

Best socialisation period for dogs

A

6-8 weeks optimum
Puppies lose natrual relaxed emotional state after 12 weeks
For social attachments 14-49 days
Human socialisation - 7-12 weeks

37
Q

Juvenile period in dogs

A

12 weeks - 6 mo
Raised leg urination
Inappropriate behaviour
Flight instinct period - 4-8 months
May begin to show interest in females (4mo)

38
Q

Adulthood

A

6-12 mo (breed dependent) - up to 24 mo in larger breeds
Reduce level of play and interactions

39
Q

How does learn?

A

Habituation & sensitisation
Associative learning/ classical conditioning
Trial & error/ Operant conditioning
Observational learning

40
Q

Habituation definition

A

Waning of a response to an event/ stimulus that has no consequences or purpose

41
Q

Classical conditioning

A

2 unrelated events become connected

42
Q

4 quadrants of operant conditioning

A

Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment

43
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Positive reinforcement is when your dog receives a reward that encourages them to repeat a behavior we like.

44
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Negative reinforcement is when something your dog dislikes is removed as a reward, to encourage them to repeat a behavior we like.

45
Q

Positive punishment

A

Positive punishment is when something your dog dislikes happens to discourage them from repeating an unwanted behavior.

46
Q

Negative punishment

A

Negative punishment is when something your dog likes is taken away to discourage them from repeating an unwanted behavior.

47
Q

Habituation definition

A

Learn to ignore a stimulus that doesn’t serve any purpose

48
Q

Example of innate behaviour vs learned behaviour in cats

A

Suckling reflex vs using a cat flap

49
Q

Facial expression of cat when nervous and uncomfortable

A

Large dilated pupils
ears turned out to sides

50
Q

What can purring indicate in a cat?

A

Contentment or pain

51
Q

Example of cat behaviour learned through operant conditioning?

A

Being in a cat carrier

52
Q

Main life stages of cats

A

Neonatal
Early socialisation
Late socialisation
Adolescence
Adult
Senior

53
Q

Neonate period in cats

A

0-2 weeks
Eyes open by 14 days
Cannot thermoregulate

54
Q

Early socialisation in cats

A

3-8 weeks
Milk + solids
Start play
Start using litter

55
Q

Late socialisation in cats

A

9-16 wk
Solid foods
Playful

56
Q

Adolescence in cats

A

17 wks - 1 yo
Less payful
Sexual maturity

57
Q

Examples of stereotpic cat behaviours

A

Inappropriate elimination (middening, soiling, spraying)
Fear aggression
Redirected aggression

58
Q

Normal behaviours for horses in the wild

A

Herd hierarchy
Grazing
Socialising & interacting
Reproducing

59
Q

Impact that domestication has had on normal behaviour

A

Being stabled
Being ridden
Diet changes with potential health repercutions
Roaming restricted
Non-selective Breeding

60
Q

How can domestication have impacted horses?

A

Increased stress
Dietary problems
Respiratory problems
Stereotypic behaviour

61
Q

Life stages of horses

A
  • Foal: 0-12 months
  • Weanling: weaned = ca 6mo
  • Yearling: 12 mo
  • Filly (female): 12mo – 4 yo then Mare
  • Colt (Male): 12 mo – 4 yo then Stallion/ Gelding
62
Q

Sleep requirements for horses

A

2-5 hours/day
Slow wave sleep - standing up or lying down
REM sleep - only need 30 mint

63
Q

Acoustic signals in horses

A
  • Neighs – when separated
  • Nickers – encourage to come near
  • Squeal – defensive threat
  • Snort – degree of alarm
  • Groan soft – discomfort/ fatigue
  • Roar – extreme arousal, threaten severe physical violence
64
Q

2 learning processes for animal training

A

Classical & operant conditioning

65
Q

Reinforcement vs punishment

A

Increase likelihood of wanted behaviour vs decrease likelihood of unwanted behaviour

66
Q

What method can be used if dog is reactive to firework?

A

De-sensitisation and counter-conditioning

67
Q

5 approaches used in enrichments

A

Sensory
Occupational
Social
Physical
Nutritional

68
Q

Purpose of using occupational enrichment?

A

Stimulate cognitive development & physical exercise

69
Q
A

Y1 - SRUC - Semester 2 (5 decks)

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