Animal Welfare Flashcards
_____ welfare is a science with objective research approaches to understand the needs of animals. It uses measures such as longevity, disease, immunosuppression, behavior, physiology, and reproduction.
Animal
_____ animals is a very ancient form of human behavior, not only for food and transport, but also for pleasure. Pets improve our emotional and physiological welfare considerably.
Adopting
But we humans tend to _____ our projections onto our animals, assuming what is good for them. What is good for one species, may not be good for another.
Anthropomorphize
_____ ______ as a science discipline didn’t start until the mid-eighteenth century in Europe. First school founded in Lyon, France, in 1762.
Veterinary medicine
The rise of animal ______ sciences occurred after the Second World War.
Welfare
_____: attribute human characteristics and intentions to animals. This can lead to misunderstandings. We must also be aware of the opposite, denying animals characteristics they may have, based on the assumption they are human only traits.
Anthropomorphism
There are three main approaches to animal welfare science:
Animal _____- _____ or emotions being the key element. Aiming for comfort, contentment, and ordinary pleasures, free of prolonged and intense pain, fear, hunger and other unpleasant states. Ethologists and animal behaviorists usually hold this view.
Feelings
There are three main approaches to animal welfare science:
_____ Functioning- According to this view, animals should be thriving, capable of average growth and reproduction, reasonably free from disease, injury, malnutrition, and abnormalities of behavior and physiology. Usually used by veterinarians whom good health = good welfare.
Biological
There are three main approaches to animal welfare science:
_____ Life- Should be kept in reasonably _____ environments and be allowed to develop and use their _____ adaptations and capabilities. A horse in a small box, with food, water, and a clean substrate could be considered healthy. Although Ethologists and evolution scientists see this as a welfare concern.
Natural
Animal _____ is a scientific method to access the quality of life, improving their needs, and focus on mental and physical well-being.
welfare
The _____ Report - was a historic mark because it was the first official document to accept that animals have emotions and take into account their behavioral needs.
Brambell
The five guidelines are known as the Five Freedoms:
1. Freedom from _____ and distress
fear
The five guidelines are known as the Five Freedoms:
2. Freedom from _____ and thirst
Hunger
The five guidelines are known as the Five Freedoms:
3. Freedom from _____
Discomfort
The five guidelines are known as the Five Freedoms:
4. Freedom from pain injury and _____
Disease
The five guidelines are known as the Five Freedoms:
5. Freedom to express _____ behavior
Normal
The 3 R’s refer to animals within research, they are _____ (with non-animal alternatives), _____ (total number of animals used), _____ (alteration of experimental protocols to reduce pain and suffering)
Replacement / Reduction / Refinement
_____ - Argues that it is a form of discrimination. Treating one species differently than another based on their uses.
Speciesism
Animal _____ is an animal’s ability to cope physiologically, behaviorally, cognitively, and emotionally within its environment- physiochemical and social.
Welfare
We base the assessment of an animals welfare on _____ and behavioral variables, which are indicators of the levels of satisfaction.
physiological
Four categories of animal welfare:
1. _____ indicators: A change in welfare changes an individual’s physical and psychological state. One way of assessing welfare is to measure physiological responses, also known as stress responses.
Physiological, measured via:
Disease recording and clinical examination
Stress and hormone release
Metabolic profile
Hematological examination
Biophysical (temperature monitoring, weight gain/loss, heart rate)
Biochemical tests
Four categories of animal welfare:
2. _____ Indicators: These indicators relate to the animal’s _____ and most likely to some mental states. Their reaction to stimuli can indicate their state.
Behavior
Four categories of animal welfare:
3. _____ indicators: body condition, hair and feather condition, posture, facial expressions.
Physical
Four categories of animal welfare:
4. _____ oriented indicators: size and weight, number and size of offspring, quantity and quality of meat, milk, eggs, can all be indicators in production animals. Precise measurements, as well as adequate statistics, are necessary to measure factors in the overall welfare of a stock.
Production
To recognize abnormal behavior, you have to be familiar with _____ behavior.
Normal
The main problem for the welfare of dogs is _____ interaction.
Human
_____ is another common problem with pets. Due to being overfed, and under-exercised.
Obesity
_____ training is essential since it improves the relationship between the dog and owner.
Obedience
A welfare approach to training techniques should emphasize _____ reinforcement rather than positive punishment. _____ reinforcement must be delivered simultaneously or immediately after the behavior occurs. (Treats, play, verbal)
Positive
_____ reduces learning, making training pleasant.
Fear
