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Zoology; finals > animal tissues > Flashcards

animal tissues Flashcards

1
Q

what are groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function and is building blocks of organs and organ systems??

A

tissues

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2
Q

what are the functions of tissues?

A
  1. building blocks of organs and organ systems
  2. provide structure, support and have specialized function
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3
Q

what are the 4 types of animals tissue?

A

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

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4
Q

what type of tissue that is closely positioned polygonal cells and With little or no intercellular materials in between?

A

epithelial tissue

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5
Q

epithelial tissue form what?

A

body surfaces and form glands

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6
Q

what are the functions of epithelial tissue?

A

1.) protects the body from infectious agents
2. absorption of nutrients
3 sensation

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7
Q

what are characteristics of epithelial cells?

A
  • compactly arranged
  • avascular
  • form membranes and glands
  • associated with a basement membrane &
    lamina/tunica propria
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8
Q

layers of loose
connective tissues in mucous membranes
which lines body cavities?

A

lamina/ tunica propria

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9
Q

draw the structure of epithelial tissues

A
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10
Q

Epithelial tissues are classified according

A

number of cell layers: simple or stratified
shape of cells on free surface: squamous, cuboidal, columnar
surface specialization: cilia, keratin, goblet cells, brush border

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11
Q

draw the structure of a goblet cell

A
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12
Q

3 types of epithelium

A
  1. simple
    2 stratified
    3 glandular
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13
Q

types of epithelium that Made up of only 1 layer of cells?
◆ Shapes could either be:

A

simple epithelium
- squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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14
Q

❖ thin and flat cells of irregular
outline?
❖ cells are fitted together closely
forming continuous sheet?

A

simple squamous epithelium

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15
Q

simple squamous are found in?

A
  • endothelium of blood vessels,
    alveoli of lungs
  • mesothelium that covers the
    body cavities & internal
    organs (lung, heart)
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16
Q

box or cube-shaped cells
❖ characteristic of linings of
the kidneys and some parts
of the lungs (terminal
bronchioles, type 2 alveolar
cells)

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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17
Q

simple cuboidal are found in?

A

ovary

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18
Q

cylindrical, tall, and narrow
cells
❖ with goblet cells that
secrete mucus
❖ striated borders

A

simple columnar epithelium

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19
Q

simple columnar are found in

A

stomach, intestines, gall bladder

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20
Q

Made of more than 1 layer of cells?
◆ According to the shape of its topmost layer, it
can either be:

A

stratified epithelium
- squamous
-cuboidal
-columnar
-transitional
-pseudostratified

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21
Q

◆ Can either be:
- keratinized (e.g. dry
surfaces of the skin)
- non-keratinized (e.g.
those found in wet surfaces such
as oral cavity, pharynx, etc)
◆ has protective function due to
its multi layer

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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22
Q

what layer gives additional protection from bacterial infection. desiccations and breakage?

A

keratin layer

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23
Q

not common
◆ Found in excretory ducts of
salivary, sweat, mammary,
pancreatic glands

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

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24
Q

not common
◆ found in:
ocular conjunctiva
male urethra
salivary, pancreatic, sweat
gland ducts

A

stratified columnar

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25
Q

lines the urinary bladder,
ureter, & upper part of
urethra
◆ cells can change in form
depending on the degree
of distension of the bladder

A

transitional epithelium

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26
Q

what happened when the bladder is relaxed to thin______? ________ when full

A

thick columnar or cuboidal (thin)
squamous (full)

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27
Q

◆ cells where nuclei are
positioned in different levels
◆ gives impression that the
membrane is composed of more
than 1 layer

A

pseudostratified epithelium

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28
Q

pseudostratified is found in?

A

respiratory tract

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29
Q

formed by cells specialized to produce
secretion molecules

A

glandular epithelium

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30
Q

glandular epithelium is classified according to?

A
  • number of cells
  • morphology or shape
  • histological characteristics
  • presence/absence of excretory ducts
  • integrity of secretory cells
31
Q

(made of
isolated glandular
glands) such as
Goblet cells

A

unicellular

32
Q

(made
of cluster of cells)

A

multicellular

33
Q

(with only 1 unbranched duct)
- sweat and gastric gland

A

simple

34
Q

(ducts that repeatedly branch)
- salivary and pancreatic glands

A

compound

35
Q

(with sac- like structure that invaginates)
- mammary gland

A

saccular

36
Q

what are 3 histological characteristic and give examples?

A

serous (parotid and lacrimal glands)
mucous (sublingual glands)
mixed serous mucus ( submandibular & lingual glands)

37
Q

secretes substances directly into the
bloodstream ? found in?

A

endocrine, beta cells

38
Q

with ducts?

A

exocrine

39
Q

glands secreting sebum
glands secreting milk

A

sebaceous glands
mammary glands

40
Q

(cells that suffer complete destruction
in the process of secretion) found in what gland?

A

holocrine, sebaceous glands

41
Q

(cells that suffer partial destruction in
the process of secretion) found in?

A

apocrine, mammary glands

42
Q

(integrity of the cells is maintained) found in?

A

merocrine, sweat glands

43
Q

Consists of the actual connective tissue cells,
protein fibers

A

connective tissue

44
Q

function for connective tissue?

A

support
protection
transport
insulation
tissue repair
hematopoiesis
immunologic reactions

45
Q

what are protein fibers in connective tissue?

A

collagen and elastin

46
Q

predominantly made up of
type I collagen
◆ most abundant in the
human body (90% of total
collagen)

A

collagenous connective tissue

47
Q

◆ Found in loose Connective T in the
_______ (in skin), dense
regular CT in
___________, &
dense irregular CT in
________(in bone), &
ligaments

A

fasciae, tendons, periosteum

48
Q

primarily formed by type III
collagen (fibrillar type of
collagen)
◆ Major component of hollow
organs such as blood
vessels, uterus, etc

A

reticular connective tissue

49
Q

serves as a supporting framework of hematopoietic and lymphoid organs?

A

type 3 collagen

50
Q

primarily formed by type
II collagen (major
component of cartilage) and is not easily visualized in microscope?

A

elastic connective tissue

51
Q

Elastic CT contains?

A

retractile fibers with elastic

52
Q

what Connective Tissues With Special Properties that is for For insulation, fat storage,
mechanical support?

A

adipose connective tissue

53
Q

what Connective Tissues With Special Properties that is Found in pulp of young teeth
& in the umbilical cord

A

mucous ct

54
Q

blood and lymph are important for?

A

transport of nutrients
gas exchange
homeostasis
immunity
waste removal
hormonal transport

55
Q

has a rigid
matrix but is still pliable &
elastic due to collagen &
elastic fibers
◆ provides structural support &
a degree of flexibility
◆ avascular

A

cartilage

56
Q

what do u call the cartilage of joints, ribs, nose, airways?

A

hyaline

57
Q

what do u call the cartilage of ear, epiglottis, parts of the larynx

A

elastic cartilage

58
Q

what do u call the cartilage in intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis,
menisci of the knee, temporomandibular joint?

A

fibrocartilage

59
Q

is a rigid form of connective tissue composed of cells and serves to protect the cranial and thoracic cavities?

A

bone

60
Q

bone is composed of what cells?

A

osteoblast, osteocytes, osteoclast

61
Q

primary tissue for locomotion
◆ characteristically elongated as an adaptation for
contraction

A

muscular tissue

62
Q

(cytoplasm of the muscle fiber)
- fibrillar due to the myofibrils (rod-like organelles)

A

sarcoplasm

63
Q

◆ very long, cylindrical,
multinucleated cells
◆ capable of quick and
forceful contractions that
are usually voluntary
◆ attached to bones

A

skeletal muscle

64
Q

elongated, branched
individual cells parallel to
each other
◆ capable of involuntary,
vigorous, rhythmic
contractions
◆ adjacent cells are connected
by intercalated disks
◆ in the heart

A

cardiac muscle

65
Q

◆ collection of cells that do
not show cross-striations
◆ largest at midpoint & tapers
toward the end (fusiform)
◆ low contraction
◆ involuntary
◆ in digestive tubes/intestines

A

smooth muscle

66
Q

functions to receive
information from the
environment or other
nerve cells
◆ process information
◆ send information to
other neurons or effector
tissues

A

nervous tissue

67
Q

carry information obtained
from the interior of the body and the
environment to the central nervous system (CNS)

A

sensory neurons

68
Q

carry impulses from the CNS to
effector organs commanded by these centers

A

b. Motor neurons

69
Q

dopamine as neurotransmitter

A

dopaminergic

70
Q

serotonin as neurotransmitter?

A

serotonergic

71
Q

glutamate as neurotransmitter?

A

glutametergic

72
Q

acetylcholine as neurotransmitter?

A

cholinergic

73
Q

epinephrine and norepinephrine as neurotransmitter?

A

adrenergic

74
Q

(gamma-aminobutyric acid

A

gaba minergic

Zoology; finals (1 decks)

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