Animal Tissue Flashcards
Who is the father of Biology and Zoology??
Aristotle
Animals are divided into–
(i) Anaima- Animals without red blood. Invertebrates
(ii) Enaima- Animals with red blood. Vertebrates
(a) Ovipara(egg laying)- Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds
(b) Vivipara(birth of young ones)- mammals
What is tissue??
Group of similar cells and perform specific function is called tissue.
Tissue term was given by- N.Grew(Plant), Bichat(animals).
What is the study of tissue called?
Histology.
Term Given by- Mayer
Founder- Marcello Malpighi
Father- Bichat
First time tissue appeared in-
Cnidarian(Hydra)
Division of Animal tissue.
Epithelial tissue(most regenerative, first appear)- Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm
Connective tissue(most abundant tissue)- Mesoderm
Muscular Tissue- Mesoderm (exception- Iris, ciliary body)
Neural Tissue (least regenerative)- Ectoderm ( Exception- microglial cells[Mesoderm])
Which of the following tissue develops from all three primary germinal layer??
Epithelial tissue
Points of epithelial tissue -
This tissue forms outer surface of the body organs and also forms innermost surface of hollow body organs.
This tissue first formed during evolution and also during embryonic development.
Epithelial tissue is non-vascular/Avascular because blood vessels are absent.
It rest upon basement membrane (except- Transitional Epithelium {urothelium})
Greate power of repair after injury.
Points of basement membrane-
Non Living
Non cellular
2 layered
Types of basement membrane
(i) Basal Lamina
(a) made up of mucopolysaccharide and glycoprotein.
(b) Secreted by Epithelial cells
(ii) Reticular Lamina
(a) made up of collagen fiber and Reticular fibers.
(b) Secreted by underlying connective tissue.
Epithelial tissue are divided into -
- Simple Epithelial tissue (1 layer thick)-
(i) Squamous
(ii) Cuboidal
(iii) Columnar
(iv) Ciliated (Cuboidal, Columnar)
(v) Pseudostratified (Ciliated Columnar, non Ciliated Columnar)
(vi) Glandular - Compound Epithelium (more than 1 layer thick)
(i) Stratified (2-4 layer)
(a) Squamous (Keratinized, non-keratinized)
(b) Cuboidal
(c) Columnar
(ii) Transition (4-6 layer)
~ also called urothelium because lines most of the urinary tract (urinary bladder)
Tell the characters i.e. Cell, nucleus, Function, Location of Squamous tissue
Cell- Flat, irregular boundary
Nucleus- flat and central
Function- Diffusion, boundary formation so helps in gaseous exchange
Location- Air-sac of lungs, Alveoli, Henli’s Loop, bowmen’s capsule, wall of blood vessels.
Tell the characters i.e. Cell, nucleus, Function, Location of Cuboidal tissue.
Cell- Cube like, If microvilli called brush-bordered cuboidal epithelium
Nucleus- round and central
Function- secretion and absorption
Location- PCT part of nephron, duct of glands, iris, ciliary body, thyroid follicle, ovary and testis(germinal epithelium)
Tell the characters i.e. Cell, nucleus, Function, Location of Columnar tissue
Cell- columnar, taller, pillar like, if microvilli present called brush bordered columnar epithelium
Nucleus- elongated and base
Function- secretion and absorption
Location- stomach,colon,rectum (simple columnar epithelium)
Small intestine (brush-bordered because microvilli present)
All brush bordered cuboidal/columnar epithelium are simple cuboidal/columnar but all simple cuboidal/columnar are ——-
Not brush-bordered
Tell the characters of ciliated cuboidal i.e. nucleus and where it is found
Nucleus- central
Example- Collecting duct of nephron, small bronchioles
Tell the characters of ciliated columnar i.e. nucleus and where it is found
Nucleus- central or based
Example- most respiratory tracts, oviduct, auditory canal, thmponic cavity.
Tell the characters of pseudo stratified i.e. about and where it is found
Single layered but appearance like double layer due to differ position of nucleus and size of cells variable.
Example- trachea, large bronchi (ciliated pseudo stratified)
Urethra of man, parotid duct (non-ciliated pseudo stratified)
