Animal Tissue Flashcards
What type of tissue is areolar?
Epithelial Tissue
Areolar tissue serves as a covering or protective tissue in the animal body.
Name the four types of animal tissues.
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Nervous
- Muscular
Each type of tissue has distinct functions and structures.
What are the characteristics of simple squamous epithelial tissue?
- Tightly packed with no intercellular spaces
- Cells form a continuous sheet
- Extremely thin
- Single layer of cells
Simple squamous epithelial tissue forms delicate linings, such as in the skin.
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
- Covering or protective tissue in the animal body
- Provides protection from injury and damage
- Prevents wear and tear
Epithelial tissues are essential for protecting underlying structures and organs.
What are the types of epithelial cells based on shape?
- Squamous
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
The shape of epithelial cells influences their function and location in the body.
What is the basement membrane?
A layer that separates all epithelial tissues from underlying tissues
The basement membrane provides support and anchorage for epithelial cells.
What is the structure of stratified squamous epithelial tissue?
Cells are arranged in layers
This structure allows for increased protection in areas subject to abrasion.
True or False: All epithelial tissues have intercellular spaces.
False
Epithelial tissues are tightly packed with no intercellular spaces.
Fill in the blank: Stratified squamous epithelial tissue is found in the _______.
[Mouth, oesophagus]
These areas require protection due to exposure to friction and abrasion.
What are the three types of muscular tissue?
- Striated
- Smooth
- Cardiac
Each type of muscular tissue has unique characteristics and functions within the body.
What is the primary role of adipose tissue?
Energy storage and insulation
Adipose tissue is a type of connective tissue that stores energy in the form of fat.
What is the structure of Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue?
Gube like; height and width of cells are equal
Cuboidal epithelial tissue is characterized by its cube-like shape.
Where can Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue be found?
- Sweat glands
- Salivary glands
- Thyroid glands
- Lining of kidney tubules
These locations highlight the role of cuboidal epithelium in secretion and absorption.
What is the structure of Columnar Epithelial Tissue?
Pillar like cells; Tall > Wide
Columnar epithelial cells are taller than they are wide, resembling pillars.
Where can Columnar Epithelial Tissue be found?
- Lining of intestine
- Lining of stomach
- Lining of gallbladder
Columnar epithelium is important for absorption and secretion in these organs.
What is the structure of Ciliated Epithelial Tissue?
Cuboidal/Columnar cells with hair-like projections called ‘cilia’
Cilia facilitate movement across the epithelial surface.
Where can Ciliated Epithelial Tissue be found?
- Respiratory tract
- Urinary tubules or kidney
The presence of cilia in these areas aids in moving substances like mucus and urine.
What is the function of Ciliated Epithelial Tissue?
Movement of mucus, urine, egg etc., through rhythmic beating of cilia
This rhythmic motion is essential for clearing mucus from the respiratory tract and moving egg through the fallopian tubes.
What components are present in Cuboidal Epithelium?
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Basement membrane
- Connective tissue
These components are crucial for the structure and function of cuboidal epithelium.
What components are present in Columnar Epithelium?
- Nucleus
- Cilia
- Goblet Cell
- Basement Membrane
Goblet cells within columnar epithelium secrete mucus, aiding in protection and lubrication.
What is muscular tissue composed of?
Muscle cells or muscle fibres
Muscle fibres are elongated and large-sized.
What are the main functions of muscular tissue?
Contraction and relaxation
Contractile proteins facilitate movement of the body.
What are the three types of muscular tissue?
- Cardiac muscle
- Skeletal muscle
- Smooth muscle
Describe skeletal muscle.
Muscle fibres are elongated and cylindrical, fast in nature, unbranched, and striated
Striations are alternating dark and light bands.
What is a characteristic of skeletal muscle cells?
Each cell is multinucleated
This means they contain many nuclei.
What type of muscle is easily fatigued?
Skeletal muscle
This muscle type is involved in body movement and maintaining posture.
What are other names for skeletal muscle?
- Attached to the skeleton
- Striated muscles
- Voluntary muscles
What is the structure of smooth muscle?
Not provided in the text.
True or False: Skeletal muscles are under our control.
True
Fill in the blank: Skeletal muscles are also known as _______.
[Skeleton Muscles]
What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle movement?
- Triceps contract
- Biceps relax
Where is the nucleus located in smooth/visceral muscle cells?
At the centre of each cell
What structural feature is absent in smooth/visceral muscles?
Striations
Are smooth/visceral muscles branched or unbranched?
Unbranched
What is the contraction speed of smooth/visceral muscles?
Slow
Do smooth/visceral muscles fatigue?
Do not fatigue
What is the shape of smooth/visceral muscle cells?
Spindle shaped/fusiform
What is another name for smooth muscles found in visceral organs?
Visceral Muscles
What term describes smooth muscles that lack striations?
Unstriated muscles
Are smooth muscles under voluntary or involuntary control?
Involuntary Muscles
Name a soft interior organ that contains smooth/visceral muscles.
Lung, liver, abdomen, or intestines
Which organs contain visceral muscles?
- Intestine
- Stomach
- Uterus
- Bronchi
What is one of the primary functions of smooth/visceral muscles?
Peristalsis
Smooth/visceral muscles are found in which type of blood vessels?
Blood vessels
What anatomical structure in the eye is influenced by smooth muscles?
Iris
What is the shape of cardiac muscle fibers?
Cylindrical in shape
Cardiac muscle fibers are unique in their cylindrical structure.
How many nuclei do cardiac muscle fibers have?
Uninucleated
Each fiber in cardiac muscle contains a single nucleus.
What is a distinguishing feature of cardiac muscle fibers?
They are branched
The branching structure aids in the coordinated contraction of the heart.
What type of striations do cardiac muscles have?
Striations are present
This striated appearance is similar to skeletal muscle.
Do cardiac muscles fatigue?
Do not fatigue
Cardiac muscles are designed for endurance to continuously pump blood.
What is another name for cardiac muscle?
Gardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle is specifically found in the heart.
What type of muscle is cardiac muscle classified as?
Involuntary muscles
Cardiac muscles function without conscious control.
What is the primary function of cardiac muscle?
Perform contraction and relaxation in wall of heart
This function is essential for pumping and distributing blood.
What are the main features of cardiac muscle fibers?
Striated, tubular
These features contribute to the muscle’s ability to contract effectively.
What is the muscle type that is usually attached to the skeleton?
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control.
What is the shape and nucleus count of smooth muscle fibers?
Spindle-shaped and uninucleated
Smooth muscle fibers are found in the walls of internal organs.
What characterizes smooth muscle fibers?
Non-striated
Smooth muscle does not have the striations seen in cardiac and skeletal muscles.
What type of muscle covers the walls of internal organs?
Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle is responsible for involuntary movements in organs.
What type of muscle fibers are found in cardiac muscle?
Striated, branched, and uninucleated
These features are unique to cardiac muscle, distinguishing it from skeletal and smooth muscles.
Are cardiac muscles voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary
Cardiac muscles operate automatically without conscious thought.
What is the primary function of connective tissue?
Connects various body parts
Connective tissue provides support, binding, and structural integrity to different organs and systems in the body.
What are the components of connective tissue?
Cells embedded in an intracellular matrix
The intracellular matrix can vary in consistency, affecting the properties of the connective tissue.
What forms can the extracellular matrix take?
Jelly, fluid, dense, or rigid
The nature of the matrix determines the type and function of the connective tissue.
Name four types of connective tissue.
- Cartilage
- Blood
- Bone
- Adipose Tissue
Each type of connective tissue has distinct structures and functions in the body.
What role does adipose tissue play?
Acts like binding, supporting, and packing material
Adipose tissue also serves as energy storage and insulation.
How does connective tissue prevent organ displacement?
By providing support during body movements
This support helps maintain the position of organs relative to one another.
What type of tissue functions as a bony attachment?
Bone
Bone is a rigid type of connective tissue that provides structure and support to the body.
Fill in the blank: The matrix of connective tissue can be _______.
jelly, fluid, dense, or rigid
The variety in matrix composition allows for diverse connective tissue types.
