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C Bio Animal Tissue 2 > Animal Tisse > Flashcards

Animal Tisse Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of connective tissue?

A

Areolar Connective Tissue, Loose Connective Tissue, Dense Connective Tissue, Adipose Connective Tissue, Ligaments, Tendons

Connective tissue can be categorized based on structure and function.

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2
Q

What is the structure of Areolar Connective Tissue?

A

Loose gel-like matrix

This type of connective tissue serves as a filler and supports various structures in the body.

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3
Q

Where does Loose Connective Tissue occur?

A

Between skin and muscles, in space inside organs, in bone marrow

Loose connective tissue plays a critical role in providing support and flexibility.

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4
Q

What is the primary function of Adipose Connective Tissue?

A

Shock absorption, insulation

Adipose tissue is crucial for energy storage and thermoregulation.

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5
Q

What is the structure of Adipose Connective Tissue?

A

Aggregation of fat cells, round/oval cells

Adipocytes are the primary cell type in adipose tissue.

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6
Q

What connects muscles to bones?

A

Tendons

Tendons are fibrous tissue that provide great strength but limited flexibility.

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7
Q

What connects bones to bones?

A

Ligaments

Ligaments have considerable strength and contain little matrix.

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8
Q

True or False: Tendons have great strength and flexibility.

A

False

Tendons are known for their strength but have limited flexibility.

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9
Q

What is the primary function of ligaments?

A

Connect bones to bones

Ligaments are essential for joint stability.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ connect muscles to bones.

A

Tendons

Tendons are crucial for facilitating movement.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ connect bones to bones.

A

Ligaments

Ligaments help maintain the structural integrity of joints.

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12
Q

What are the types of skeletal connective tissue?

A

Cartilage and Bones

These are the primary types of skeletal connective tissue.

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13
Q

What is the approximate number of bones in a child?

A

300 bones

Children have more bones due to the presence of growth plates that fuse together as they mature.

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14
Q

What is the approximate number of bones in an adult?

A

206 bones

Adults have fewer bones as some bones fuse together during development.

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15
Q

Describe the structure of cartilage.

A

Widely spaced out cells with a gel-like matrix

This structure allows for flexibility and support.

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16
Q

What type of tissue do overweight individuals have more of?

A

Adipose tissue

Adipose tissue is used for energy storage and insulation.

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17
Q

What is the matrix of cartilage like?

A

Slightly elastic and flexible

This quality allows cartilage to withstand pressure and provide support.

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18
Q

What is the occurrence of cartilage?

A

Ear pinna, nose tip, trachea, larynx

These areas benefit from the flexibility and support provided by cartilage.

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19
Q

What is the function of cartilage?

A

Support and flexibility to body parts

Cartilage provides cushioning and flexibility at joints.

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20
Q

What is the longest bone in the human body?

A

Femur

The femur is located in the thigh.

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21
Q

What is the shortest bone in the human body?

A

Stapes

The stapes is located in the middle ear.

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22
Q

Describe the structure of bone.

A

Hard matrix composed of calcium and phosphorous compounds

This composition gives bones their strength and rigidity.

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23
Q

What is the function of bones?

A

Support and rigidity

Bones provide the framework for the body and protect internal organs.

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24
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

A lubricating fluid found in joints

It helps reduce friction between articular cartilage during movement.

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25
Q

True or False: Cartilage is non-flexible.

A

False

Cartilage is flexible and provides support in various body parts.

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26
Q

What are the primary functions of the skeletal system?

A

Forms a framework, supports the body, provides shape to body, protects vital body organs like brain, lungs, etc.

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27
Q

What type of tissue is blood classified as?

A

Fluid connective tissue

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28
Q

What are the components of blood?

A

Liquid (plasma) and solid (RBC, WBC, platelets)

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29
Q

What is the color and composition of blood?

A

Yellow in color, 92% water, 8% protein, salt, hormones

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30
Q

What is the function of blood?

A

Transports gases, digested food, hormones, waste materials

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31
Q

What remains after clotting proteins are removed from blood?

A

Serum

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32
Q

How many bones are in the human brain?

A

22 bones

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33
Q

How many cranial bones are there in the human skull?

A

8 cranial bones

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34
Q

How many facial bones are there in the human skull?

A

14 facial bones

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35
Q

What is the liquid portion of blood called?

A

Plasma

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36
Q

What are the main types of proteins found in blood?

A

Fibrinogen, Heparin, Globulin, Albumin

37
Q

What is the role of Albumin in blood?

A

To maintain osmotic balance

38
Q

What is the role of Globulin in blood?

A

Provides defense

39
Q

What are the two main types of blood cells?

A

RBC (Red Blood Cells) and WBC (White Blood Cells)

40
Q

Fill in the blank: Blood is composed of _______ and _______.

A

Liquid (plasma) and solid (RBC, WBC, platelets)

41
Q

True or False: The liquid that remains after blood clotting is called serum.

42
Q

What is the normal count of RBCs per cubic millimeter?

A

5 million

RBCs are also known as erythrocytes.

43
Q

What gives RBCs their red color?

A

Presence of heme (Fe)

Heme has a high affinity for oxygen.

44
Q

Where are RBCs produced?

A

Bone marrow

45
Q

What is the primary function of RBCs?

46
Q

What is the shape of mature RBCs?

A

Biconcave; disc-shaped

47
Q

What happens to RBCs when they mature?

A

They lose their nucleus

48
Q

What is the lifespan of RBCs?

49
Q

What is the endpoint for the life of RBCs?

50
Q

What is referred to as the graveyard of RBCs?

51
Q

In order of number, how do the counts of RBCs, platelets, and WBCs compare?

A

RBC > Platelets > WBCs

52
Q

What is the normal count of WBCs per cubic millimeter?

A

10,000

WBCs are also known as leukocytes.

53
Q

What is the primary function of WBCs?

A

Prevent infection and provide defense mechanism

54
Q

What are the types of WBCs?

A
  • Lymphocytes
  • Neutrophils
  • Basophils
  • Eosinophils
55
Q

What is the appearance of WBCs?

A

Slight yellow in color

56
Q

What is the lifespan of WBCs?

A

12-20 days

57
Q

What is the normal count of platelets per cubic millimeter?

A

20,000

Platelets are also known as thrombocytes.

58
Q

What is the primary function of platelets?

A

Helps in blood clotting

59
Q

What is the lifespan of platelets?

60
Q

What is the study of blood called?

A

Hematology

61
Q

What is the structure of lymph fluid?

A

Colourless fluid similar to plasma

62
Q

What do WBCs and blood proteins have in common?

A

They are absent in lymph fluid

63
Q

What is the fundamental unit of the nervous system?

A

Neuron

Neurons are specialized cells responsible for transmitting information throughout the body.

64
Q

What is the function of the cyton or cell body in a neuron?

A

Contains the nucleus and Nissl bodies for protein synthesis

The cyton is essential for maintaining the neuron’s health and function.

65
Q

What are dendrites?

A

Hair-like structures that receive signals from other neurons

Dendrites play a critical role in the communication between neurons.

66
Q

Where is nervous tissue found?

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves

Nervous tissue is essential for processing and transmitting information.

67
Q

What sensory stimuli are neurons responsible for sensing?

A
  • Smell
  • Taste
  • Hearing
  • Sight

Neurons are involved in processing various sensory information.

68
Q

What is the node of Ranvier?

A

Gaps in the myelin sheath that facilitate the rapid transmission of electrical impulses

Nodes of Ranvier are crucial for saltatory conduction in neurons.

69
Q

What is the role of Schwann cells in the nervous system?

A

Form the myelin sheath around peripheral neurons

Myelin sheath enhances the speed of electrical signal transmission.

70
Q

What is the longest cell in the human body?

A

Neuron

Neurons can extend over long distances, especially those that connect the spinal cord to limbs.

71
Q

What are the two types of signals used by neurons to communicate?

A
  • Electrical Signal
  • Chemical Signal

Neurons use these signals to transmit information across synapses.

72
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The junction between two neurons where communication occurs

Synapses can transmit signals via neurotransmitters.

73
Q

Who first illustrated the neuron using a silver-staining technique?

A

Camillo Golgi

Golgi’s work was foundational in the study of nervous tissue.

74
Q

What is the fundamental unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

Nephrons are essential for filtering blood and producing urine.

75
Q

What is the study of the kidney called?

A

Nephrology

Nephrology focuses on kidney function and diseases.

76
Q

What is the role of the axon in neuron impulse transmission?

A

The axon transmits electrical signals away from the neuron’s cell body.

77
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The gap between two neurons where information is transmitted.

78
Q

What are dendrites responsible for in a neuron?

A

Dendrites receive information from other neurons.

79
Q

What is the direction of impulse transmission in a neuron?

A

From dendrites to the cell body, then down the axon.

80
Q

What is the cell body of an afferent neuron responsible for?

A

It processes sensory information received from pain receptors.

81
Q

Fill in the blank: The cell body of an _______ neuron transmits impulses to the spinal cord.

82
Q

What happens at the axon terminal?

A

The electrical signal is transmitted to the next neuron’s dendrites.

83
Q

True or False: The axon of an efferent neuron sends signals to muscles to contract.

84
Q

What is a reflex action?

A

An automatic response to a stimulus, involving a neural pathway.

85
Q

Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus?

A

The cell body.

86
Q

What do pain receptors in the skin detect?

A

They detect harmful stimuli and send signals to the afferent neuron.

87
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ of an afferent neuron carries impulses toward the spinal cord.

88
Q

What is the role of interneurons?

A

They connect afferent and efferent neurons within the spinal cord.

89
Q

What is the function of the neuro cell body?

A

It supports the neuron’s metabolic activities.

C Bio Animal Tissue 2 (1 decks)

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