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C Bio Animal Tissue 2 > Animal Tisse > Flashcards

Animal Tisse Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of connective tissue?

A

Areolar Connective Tissue, Loose Connective Tissue, Dense Connective Tissue, Adipose Connective Tissue, Ligaments, Tendons

Connective tissue can be categorized based on structure and function.

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2
Q

What is the structure of Areolar Connective Tissue?

A

Loose gel-like matrix

This type of connective tissue serves as a filler and supports various structures in the body.

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3
Q

Where does Loose Connective Tissue occur?

A

Between skin and muscles, in space inside organs, in bone marrow

Loose connective tissue plays a critical role in providing support and flexibility.

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4
Q

What is the primary function of Adipose Connective Tissue?

A

Shock absorption, insulation

Adipose tissue is crucial for energy storage and thermoregulation.

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5
Q

What is the structure of Adipose Connective Tissue?

A

Aggregation of fat cells, round/oval cells

Adipocytes are the primary cell type in adipose tissue.

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6
Q

What connects muscles to bones?

A

Tendons

Tendons are fibrous tissue that provide great strength but limited flexibility.

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7
Q

What connects bones to bones?

A

Ligaments

Ligaments have considerable strength and contain little matrix.

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8
Q

True or False: Tendons have great strength and flexibility.

A

False

Tendons are known for their strength but have limited flexibility.

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9
Q

What is the primary function of ligaments?

A

Connect bones to bones

Ligaments are essential for joint stability.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ connect muscles to bones.

A

Tendons

Tendons are crucial for facilitating movement.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ connect bones to bones.

A

Ligaments

Ligaments help maintain the structural integrity of joints.

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12
Q

What are the types of skeletal connective tissue?

A

Cartilage and Bones

These are the primary types of skeletal connective tissue.

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13
Q

What is the approximate number of bones in a child?

A

300 bones

Children have more bones due to the presence of growth plates that fuse together as they mature.

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14
Q

What is the approximate number of bones in an adult?

A

206 bones

Adults have fewer bones as some bones fuse together during development.

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15
Q

Describe the structure of cartilage.

A

Widely spaced out cells with a gel-like matrix

This structure allows for flexibility and support.

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16
Q

What type of tissue do overweight individuals have more of?

A

Adipose tissue

Adipose tissue is used for energy storage and insulation.

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17
Q

What is the matrix of cartilage like?

A

Slightly elastic and flexible

This quality allows cartilage to withstand pressure and provide support.

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18
Q

What is the occurrence of cartilage?

A

Ear pinna, nose tip, trachea, larynx

These areas benefit from the flexibility and support provided by cartilage.

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19
Q

What is the function of cartilage?

A

Support and flexibility to body parts

Cartilage provides cushioning and flexibility at joints.

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20
Q

What is the longest bone in the human body?

A

Femur

The femur is located in the thigh.

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21
Q

What is the shortest bone in the human body?

A

Stapes

The stapes is located in the middle ear.

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22
Q

Describe the structure of bone.

A

Hard matrix composed of calcium and phosphorous compounds

This composition gives bones their strength and rigidity.

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23
Q

What is the function of bones?

A

Support and rigidity

Bones provide the framework for the body and protect internal organs.

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24
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

A lubricating fluid found in joints

It helps reduce friction between articular cartilage during movement.

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25
True or False: Cartilage is non-flexible.
False ## Footnote Cartilage is flexible and provides support in various body parts.
26
What are the primary functions of the skeletal system?
Forms a framework, supports the body, provides shape to body, protects vital body organs like brain, lungs, etc.
27
What type of tissue is blood classified as?
Fluid connective tissue
28
What are the components of blood?
Liquid (plasma) and solid (RBC, WBC, platelets)
29
What is the color and composition of blood?
Yellow in color, 92% water, 8% protein, salt, hormones
30
What is the function of blood?
Transports gases, digested food, hormones, waste materials
31
What remains after clotting proteins are removed from blood?
Serum
32
How many bones are in the human brain?
22 bones
33
How many cranial bones are there in the human skull?
8 cranial bones
34
How many facial bones are there in the human skull?
14 facial bones
35
What is the liquid portion of blood called?
Plasma
36
What are the main types of proteins found in blood?
Fibrinogen, Heparin, Globulin, Albumin
37
What is the role of Albumin in blood?
To maintain osmotic balance
38
What is the role of Globulin in blood?
Provides defense
39
What are the two main types of blood cells?
RBC (Red Blood Cells) and WBC (White Blood Cells)
40
Fill in the blank: Blood is composed of _______ and _______.
Liquid (plasma) and solid (RBC, WBC, platelets)
41
True or False: The liquid that remains after blood clotting is called serum.
True
42
What is the normal count of RBCs per cubic millimeter?
5 million ## Footnote RBCs are also known as erythrocytes.
43
What gives RBCs their red color?
Presence of heme (Fe) ## Footnote Heme has a high affinity for oxygen.
44
Where are RBCs produced?
Bone marrow
45
What is the primary function of RBCs?
Transport
46
What is the shape of mature RBCs?
Biconcave; disc-shaped
47
What happens to RBCs when they mature?
They lose their nucleus
48
What is the lifespan of RBCs?
120 days
49
What is the endpoint for the life of RBCs?
Spleen
50
What is referred to as the graveyard of RBCs?
Spleen
51
In order of number, how do the counts of RBCs, platelets, and WBCs compare?
RBC > Platelets > WBCs
52
What is the normal count of WBCs per cubic millimeter?
10,000 ## Footnote WBCs are also known as leukocytes.
53
What is the primary function of WBCs?
Prevent infection and provide defense mechanism
54
What are the types of WBCs?
* Lymphocytes * Neutrophils * Basophils * Eosinophils
55
What is the appearance of WBCs?
Slight yellow in color
56
What is the lifespan of WBCs?
12-20 days
57
What is the normal count of platelets per cubic millimeter?
20,000 ## Footnote Platelets are also known as thrombocytes.
58
What is the primary function of platelets?
Helps in blood clotting
59
What is the lifespan of platelets?
7-10 days
60
What is the study of blood called?
Hematology
61
What is the structure of lymph fluid?
Colourless fluid similar to plasma
62
What do WBCs and blood proteins have in common?
They are absent in lymph fluid
63
What is the fundamental unit of the nervous system?
Neuron ## Footnote Neurons are specialized cells responsible for transmitting information throughout the body.
64
What is the function of the cyton or cell body in a neuron?
Contains the nucleus and Nissl bodies for protein synthesis ## Footnote The cyton is essential for maintaining the neuron's health and function.
65
What are dendrites?
Hair-like structures that receive signals from other neurons ## Footnote Dendrites play a critical role in the communication between neurons.
66
Where is nervous tissue found?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves ## Footnote Nervous tissue is essential for processing and transmitting information.
67
What sensory stimuli are neurons responsible for sensing?
* Smell * Taste * Hearing * Sight ## Footnote Neurons are involved in processing various sensory information.
68
What is the node of Ranvier?
Gaps in the myelin sheath that facilitate the rapid transmission of electrical impulses ## Footnote Nodes of Ranvier are crucial for saltatory conduction in neurons.
69
What is the role of Schwann cells in the nervous system?
Form the myelin sheath around peripheral neurons ## Footnote Myelin sheath enhances the speed of electrical signal transmission.
70
What is the longest cell in the human body?
Neuron ## Footnote Neurons can extend over long distances, especially those that connect the spinal cord to limbs.
71
What are the two types of signals used by neurons to communicate?
* Electrical Signal * Chemical Signal ## Footnote Neurons use these signals to transmit information across synapses.
72
What is a synapse?
The junction between two neurons where communication occurs ## Footnote Synapses can transmit signals via neurotransmitters.
73
Who first illustrated the neuron using a silver-staining technique?
Camillo Golgi ## Footnote Golgi's work was foundational in the study of nervous tissue.
74
What is the fundamental unit of the kidney?
Nephron ## Footnote Nephrons are essential for filtering blood and producing urine.
75
What is the study of the kidney called?
Nephrology ## Footnote Nephrology focuses on kidney function and diseases.
76
What is the role of the axon in neuron impulse transmission?
The axon transmits electrical signals away from the neuron's cell body.
77
What is a synapse?
The gap between two neurons where information is transmitted.
78
What are dendrites responsible for in a neuron?
Dendrites receive information from other neurons.
79
What is the direction of impulse transmission in a neuron?
From dendrites to the cell body, then down the axon.
80
What is the cell body of an afferent neuron responsible for?
It processes sensory information received from pain receptors.
81
Fill in the blank: The cell body of an _______ neuron transmits impulses to the spinal cord.
efferent
82
What happens at the axon terminal?
The electrical signal is transmitted to the next neuron's dendrites.
83
True or False: The axon of an efferent neuron sends signals to muscles to contract.
True
84
What is a reflex action?
An automatic response to a stimulus, involving a neural pathway.
85
Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus?
The cell body.
86
What do pain receptors in the skin detect?
They detect harmful stimuli and send signals to the afferent neuron.
87
Fill in the blank: The _______ of an afferent neuron carries impulses toward the spinal cord.
axon
88
What is the role of interneurons?
They connect afferent and efferent neurons within the spinal cord.
89
What is the function of the neuro cell body?
It supports the neuron's metabolic activities.

C Bio Animal Tissue 2 (1 decks)

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