animal studies

Question 1

Konrad Lorenz 1935
type of experiment

Answer 1

field

Question 2

Konrad Lorenz 1935
Aim

Answer 2

to see if goslings will imprint on mother or Lorenz

Question 3

Konrad Lorenz 1935
sample

Answer 3

14 fertilised eggs

Question 4

Konrad Lorenz 1935
method

Answer 4

experimental group saw Lorenz first after hatching, control group had usual experience of seeing their mother first

Question 5

Konrad Lorenz 1935
findings

Answer 5

natural instinct for goslings to imprint on first large moving object they see (before 32 hours) as need food + protection

Question 6

Harry Harlow 1959
Aim

Answer 6

investigate the nature of attachment in baby monkeys

Question 7

Harry Harlow 1959
method

Answer 7

16 rhesus monkeys placed in a cage with 2 ‘mothers’
one made of wire, one wrapped in cloth
both had milk

Question 8

Harry Harlow 1959
results

Answer 8

all monkeys spent most time with cloth mother even if wire mother was only one with the food
monkeys develop attachments based on contact comfort not food

Question 9

AO3 weakness

Answer 9

• some may see use of animals in study as unethical
• animals have the right to not be researched/harmed
• using animals for benefit of humans
• monkeys in Harlows study all showed dysfunctional behaviour in adult life
• CA: although people may still not agree with it most would prefer animals/humans

Question 10

AO3 strength + weakness

Answer 10

• generalisability to humans
• ducks can not be used to study human behaviour as needs and composition are very different
• BUT monkeys are very similar to humans so can be used to better understand human behaviour
• we share 98% of genes with rhesus monkeys

Question 11

AO3 weakness (Lorenz)

Answer 11

• opposing evidence
• Guiton 1966: found chickens imprinted on and tried ti mate will yellow rubber gloves but with experience learnt to prefer other chickens
• shows imprinting can be reversed and not as permanent as Lorenz thought