Animal structure

Question 1

Why can’t humans sit in water and absorb it through their skin?

Answer 1

The keratin interwoven into the skin traps oils in the holes in the mesh. Because water and oil are insoluble in one another, water cannot diffuse through.

However, fat soluble things can get in! Ex. poison oak.

Question 2

What are the four type of tissue?

Answer 2

• epithelial
• nervous
• muscle
• connective

Question 3

What is simple epithelium?

Answer 3

Epithelium that is one cell layer thick

Question 4

What is stratified epithelium?

Answer 4

Epithelium that has two or more layers.

Question 5

What do squamous epithelial cells look like? Give a location example.

Answer 5

Flat cells with no geometric shape.

Found in the lungs & blood vessels (easy diffusion)

Question 6

What do cuboidal epithelial cells look like?

Answer 6

Shaped like cubes.

Found in the kidney tubules

Question 7

What do columnar epithelial cells look like?

Answer 7

Taller than they are wide.

Found in the intestine.

Question 8

What do Pseudostratified Columnar epithelial cells look like?

Answer 8

Appear stratified, but actually all of the cells are attached to the basement membrane (but not all reach the apical surface)

Found in the lining of the respiratory tract

Question 9

What is a gland? What type of tissue are they made of?

Answer 9

Glands produce metabolic products and secrete those into ducts or body fluid including the blood.

These are composed of epithelial tissue.

Question 10

What are exocrine glands?

Answer 10

These glands secrete products through ducts directly to the target.

Ex. Sweat, saliva, tears

Question 11

What are endocrine glands?

Answer 11

These glands secrete products into the blood for transport to their destination.

Ex. thyroid, pituitary

Question 12

What is the difference between exocrine glands and endocrine glands?

Answer 12

Exocrine glands transport products through ducts directly to the target.

Endocrine glands transport products through blood to get to the target.

Question 13

What is the most diverse tissue type in the animal body?

Answer 13

Connective tissue

Question 14

What germ layer does connective tissue arise from?

Answer 14

The mesoderm

Question 15

What are the two BROAD types of connective tissue?

Answer 15

Proper & Special

Question 16

What cell secretes the extracellular matrix in connective tissue?

Answer 16

Fibroblasts

Question 17

What are the two type of fibers that support the extra cellular matrix in connective tissue? What is their function?

Answer 17

Elastin fibers
- makes the tissue elastic

Collagen fibers
-helps in support

Question 18

What is loose connective tissue?

Answer 18

Tissue that has cells scattered within a matrix that contains a large amount of ground substance.

Found between the skin and organs to act as a shock absorber.

Question 19

What type of tissue is adipose tissue.

Answer 19

Fat is stored in adipose tissue, a type of loose connective tissue.

Globules increase or decrease in size, not in number, when we gain or lose weight

Question 20

What is dense connective tissue?

Answer 20

This has less ground substance and has more tightly packed collagen.

Question 21

What are the two type of dense connective tissue?

Answer 21

Regular

• the collagen fibers line up in parallel
  ex. tendons and ligaments

Irregular

• different orientations of collagen
  ex. covers muscles, nerves, and bones

Question 22

What is cartilage? Where is it found? What are the cells called?

Answer 22

A special type of firm and flexible connective tissue that does not stretch.

It’s found in joints, the outer ear, the larynx, and the nose.

Cells = chondrocytes

Question 23

What is bone? Where is it found? What are the cells called?

Answer 23

A special type of connective tissue composed of calcium phosphate crystals.

It’s found in most of the skeleton.

Cells = osteocytes

Question 24

What is ossification and what type of cells carry this out?

Answer 24

Ossification is the process by which cartilage is replaces by bone. This is achieved by bone forming cells called osteoblasts.

Question 25

What is blood? Where is it found? What are the cells called?

Answer 25

Blood is a special type of connective tissue. It is classified as such due to the extracellular matric of the fluid plasma.

It is found in the circulatory system.

Cells=
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
Thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 26

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 26

Smooth Muscle

Skeletal Muscle
- striated

Cardiac Muscle
- striated

Question 27

Where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 27

Found in organs of internal environment.

Take care of involuntary control.

Question 28

What are the supporting / nonconducting parts of the nerve tissue called?

Answer 28

Neuroglia

These also form a protective sheath around the neuron

Question 29

What are the three parts of a neuron?

Answer 29

Cell body

Axon

Dendrite

Question 30

In what order does a neuron receive information?

Answer 30

A signal comes in through the dendrites

The cell body receives the information from the dendrites.

Information is passed to the axon that transmits the information to other cells

Question 31

What’s the difference between cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells?

Answer 31

They are both striated, but SKELETAL CELLS are long & multinucleate.

CARDIAC CELLS are small and interconnected, but only have a single nucleus.