animal science final Flashcards
1
Q
in what year was the electric candle invented?
A
1909
2
Q
In what year was the Newcastle disease breakout in LA?
A
1971
3
Q
Which state has the most poultry ?
A
Iowa
4
Q
Which country is number one for its poultry numbers?
A
US
5
Q
Class for avian?
A
Aves
6
Q
Egg breeds?
A
Leghorn, Ancona, Minorca
7
Q
How many eggs are classified for a ‘good laying hen’ ?
A
20 dozen in 1st year
8
Q
meat breeds
A
Orpington, Cornish, Australorp
9
Q
Dual Purpose Breeds
A
New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock, Rhode Island Red
10
Q
Bantams
A
1/4 or less the size of large fowl, seabrights and silkies
11
Q
Leghorns
A
-noisy, like to move around and forage, capable of flight and often roost in trees
-240-250 eggs/year
-most numerous breed in US/most common
12
Q
Araucana
A
-blue, greenish eggs
-rumpless
-no tail
13
Q
Ameracauna
A
-related to araucana (difference is they have a tail)
-muffs and beards
14
Q
Plymouth Rocks
A
-most popular bird until WWII
-good general farm chicken
-hardy (can survive low and high temps), docile, good mothers
-meat and egg
-brown egg
15
Q
Rhode Island Reds
A
-Originated in Rhode Island
-best egg layers of dual purpose breeds
-brown eggs
16
Q
New Hampshire
A
-competitive and aggressive
-plump carcass - used as either broiler or roaster
17
Q
Cornish
A
-developed as ultimate meat bird
-wide compact bodies -> poor fertility
-wide muscular breast
-short legs
18
Q
Ross
A
-industry standard for broiler growth rate, feed conversion
19
Q
Capon
A
castrated male under 8 months
20
Q
Stag
A
male chicken under 10 months
21
Q
Chicken Vital Signs
A
-body temp 104 - 109 F
-300 beats/minute at rest
22
Q
Calcium
A
-eggshells made of calcium carbonate
-oyster shells
23
Q
minimum living requirements:
A
-good drainage (hill)
-heated or insulated in cold weather (prevents combs and wattles from freezing)
-screened opennings (ventilation)
-electricity (layers require 14 hours of light)
24
Q
design requirements:
A
-open shed (free-range birds)
-semi-closed (more protection)
-enclosed houses (light, temperature, and ventilation)
25
Proposition 2
-Required eggs in California to come from chickens that have enough room to fully extend their limbs and turn around freely
26
Avian Influenza
-coughing, sneezing, diarrhea, 90% mortality
-wild waterfowl
27
Coccidiosis
-protozoa
-bloody diarrhea
28
Infectious Coryza
-common cold
28
Curled-toe paralysis
-B2 riboflavin
-improper incubation temperatures
29
Marek's Disease
-virus
-skin form (white bumps crusty brown scabs), nerve form (paralysis), eye form (blindness), internal organ form (tumors, enlarged abdomen)
30
Mites
-red and northern fowl
31
Newcastle disease
-affect entire flock in 2 days
-coughing, sneezing, greenish diarrhea, paralysis, twisted neck
32
Perosis (slipped tendon)
-Mn, choline, biotin, B3, folic acid
33
Poult enteritis mortality syndrome
-diarrhea in turkeys 7-28 days old
34
Roundworms
-intestinal parasite
35
Cannibalism
-beat trimming
36
Grades AA (higher consumer grade)
-whites are thick and firm, yolks are high round and almost free from defects, clean and unbroken shells
37
Grade A
-same as Grade AA except whites are "reasonable firm"
38
Grade B
-used for liquid, frozen, or dried egg products
39
Candling
-examines intact egg for soundness, interior quality, stage of embryonic development
40
Turkeys
-7.2 billion lbs. meat
-Native to US
41
Broadbreasted White
-14 - 22 lbs females
42
Broadbreasted Bronze
- calmer and easier to handle
43
White Beltsville
-advantage over broad breasted turkeys: able to breed naturally
43
Ducks
-meats and eggs
-weed eaters
43
Leading Duck State?
Indiana
44
Khaki Campbell
-best for egg production
-eat large quantities of snails, slugs, algae, insects, mosquitos from ponds
44
Duck Breeds
-most breeds originate from wild mallard
-exception = muscovy (S. America)
44
Pekin
-most desirable table duck in the US
-up to 11lbs
44
Indian Runner
-move faster and prefer to run than waddle
45
American Buff
-Dual purpose
-240 eggs/year
45
Welsh Harlequin
-Lacks a strong sense of self preservation -> vulnerable to predators
46
Muscovy
-developed in Brazil
-caruncles above the eyes and around the beak
-quackless
-claws
-mules
47
Gesse
-oldest domestic animals
-Gift to bride and groom to symbolize faithfulness and loyalty
-Geese are monogamous and mate for life
-1st Thanksgiving Dinner
-Roughage burner
48
Toulouse
-Largest most popular in US
-will have its body practically dragging on the ground
49
Emden
-Fast growth, large size
Blue eyes, tall and erect stance -> air of intelligence
-Can be sexed when younger because males are lighter in color
50
What is Foie Grass?
force feeding
51
Signs of aggression
-Beeline, neck, stretched, head down, hissing sounds
52
prevention of aggression
-greeting, clap, stomp feet, wave arms, extend arms with a pointed finger
53
feed for mallard drive and geese
mallard derived: mainly vegetable, some animal matter
geese: vegetarian
54
bonding muscovy
indiscriminate, mules
55
Top three states of ostriches (in order)
Texas, CA, and KS
56
Can ostriches fly? Why or why not?
No they can't they have no keel
57
Largest bird in the world
Ostrich
58
Only bird with 2 toes, sharp nails
Ostrich
59
Reproduction of hens
If allowed to keep eggs the hen will stop producing at 12-24 eggs
60
How much does a live 250 lb ostrich for slaughter cost?
400 - 500 dollars
61
What are ostrich feathers used for?
-feather dusters
-shoes
-clothes
-plumed head pieces
-computer dusters
62
how many chicken eggs equals 1 ostrich egg?
1 ostrich egg = 24 chicken eggs
63
Father of the American pork industry
Hernando de Soto
64
What year did Cortez introduce hogs to New Mexico ?
1600
65
long solid wall built on northern edge to control roaming herds of pigs
now known as Wall Street
66
Where did pigs 1st commercially slaughtered take place?
Cincinnati
67
Wild hogs of Europe
Sus scrofa
68
Wild Hog of India
Sus vittatus
69
Top pig population state in the US
Iowa
70
Top Pork Producing Country
China
71
Types of swine
learn type hog, lean-meat type hog, pets, research
71
American Landrace
-very long side (extra vertebrae) making them known for bacon
72
Duroc Jersey
-excellent rate of gain and feed efficiency
-2nd in numbers
73
Hampshire
-one of the oldest original early American pig breeds
-white belt around the shoulders and front legs, black color
-long carcass that is high in muscle
74
Poland China
Heavy Ham
75
Tamworth
-One of the oldest pig breeds
-excellent mothers
-very prepotent (great hereditary transmitting ability)
76
Vietnamese Potbellied
- Fifth most important of pig breeds
77
Yorkshire
-mother breed
-large litters and good mothering ability
-most populous breed in US
78
Judging requirements:
-back fat 1.5 inches or less on animal
-probes on live animal or carcass
79
what are the 3 methods of selection for breeding?
-pedigree, showing, individual merit
79
showing record:
winners recognized as superior breeders
80
Tandem selection
1 trail at time until maximum progress is achieved
81
Selection index
all important traits combined into one score
82
carcass grading
hams, loins, picnics Boston butts - four main lean cuts
83
litter size of swine
10+ farrowed
8+ weaned
83
low percentage of backfat
max is 1%
84
at what weight were weaned pigs sold at?
they were sold at 45 lbs
85
Management of newborn
-clip tips of needle teeth(so they don't bite each other)
-ear notch
-fe-dextran injections 2-3 days
85
Dystocia (difficult birth)
-pig snare (like a catch pole to pull out baby)
-antibiotics
86
segregated early weaning
-weaned 10 - 17 days
-group stays together
87
swine age at puberty & gestation period:
- 4-7 months age at puberty
- 114 days gestation period
88
sperm rich fraction
-opaque and milky and contains highest concentration of spermatozoa
89
heat detection
- stands for mount
- backpressure
-vulva: swollen discharge
89
1st limiting nutrient
Lysine
90
what causes parakeratosis?
deficiency of Zn
91
Deficiency of Cu and Fe
Anemia
92
symptoms of atrophic rhinitis (Bordatella bronchiseptica)
-epiphora, sneezing, epistaxis
92
Swine fever (cholera)
high morbidity
high mortality
93
Erysipelas (diamond shaped skin lesions, purplish ears)
-zoonotic
-fecal-oral
-pain in feet and joints, sloughing of skin
94
Foot and mouth disease
-vesicles on tongue and mouth
-vesicular Stomatitis Virus
95
Greasy Pig Syndrome (exudative epidermitis)
-staphylococcus hyicus
-Stratum granulosum+excess secretion of glands
96
Trichinosis
-no symptoms in pigs
-raw pork
-vomiting, diarrhea, swelling, CNS, death in humans
97
UK Farm Animal Welfare Council's five freedoms
-Freedom from hunger and thirst
-Freedom from discomfort
-Freedom from pain, injury, and disease
-Freedom from fear and distress
-Freedom to display normal behavior
97
Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) corona virus
- < 14 days
- vomiting and diarrhea
98
Leading Beef State
Texas
99
Hybrid vigor
-first generation cattle
-disease resistance, mothering ability, milk production
100
Top 5 cattle Production states
Texas, Kansas, Nebraska, California, Missouri
101
Angus
-most commonly registered breed in world
-polled (no horns)
-great mothering ability
-little calving difficulty
-marbling (a lot of fat in meat which means more juicy)
102
Brahman
-Bos indicus
-Horns that curve upward and tilted to the rear, dewlap, pendulous ears, hump, highly developed sweat glands that secrete an oily secretion w/ an odor that repels insects
-Survives insects, disease, and temperature extremes
-Can be very docile and like affection
103
Hereford
-2nd most popular breed
-squamous cell (can be cancerous due to UV rays)
104
Charolais
-French
-Came to US thru Mexico
-hardy and can raise heavy calves
105
Simmental
-Guatemala imported 1st Simmental into N. America
-Triple purpose breed (meat, milk, draft)
106
Texas Longhorn
-Columbus 1493
-10 million in cattle drives during mid-1800’s
-Hardy (very resistant to cold temperature and poor feed)
-Well adapted to U.S. (Used to occupy the Great Plains after destruction of bison after Civil War)
107
Beef Branding
-permanent ID
-Hot and dry ice with alcohol (LN2)
108
Dehorning
-Cornual nerve block
-Tube dehorner
-Barnes dehorner
109
Ways of castration and why its done:
-prevent aggressiveness
-chemical, burdizzo, elastrator, knife with emasculator
110
Camel Family
- One humped Dromedary (Arabian)
- Two humped Bactrian camel (Central Asia)
110
Life span of a llama
15 - 20 years
29 in capacity
111
Average gestation of llama
350 days
112
Do llamas have a heat cycle
No llamas do not have a heat cycle they are included ovulators (ovulation occurring 24 - 36 hours after bleeding)
112
What time of the year can llamas and alpacas breed?
- Llamas and alpacas can be bred at any time of the year
113
Birth and babies of llamas
- Most births occur during daylight hours, which is better for the cria and most certainly more convenient for the llama owners (7:00am – 3:00 pm)
- Twinning is a rare occurrence
114
Contemporary North American llamas are bred and raised for:
packing, wool production, cart pulling, animal facilitated therapy, companion animal
115
Alpacas are commonly used for
-fine fiber production, pets, light pack animals, THERAPY
116
Why do llamas spit?
- Llamas will spit at other llamas in order to establish the pecking order within the group, to ward off an unwanted suitor, or to say “Stop it!”
117
Llama nutrition
-omasum is absent
-llamas do have canine teeth
-graze on grasses and browse on leaves
-cria eats 10% of body weight/day
118
What does FPT stand for?
Failure of passive transfer
119
Failure of passive transfer
-First 24 hrs. of life
-IgG does not pass through placenta and newborn is without protection
120
Oleander:
-diarrhea, excess salivation, anorexia, bradycardia, arrhythmia
121
Bracken Fern
-emaciation, dyspnea, anemia, death in days to weeks
122
Male Berserk Syndrome
-do not cuddle male crias
-syndrome is permanent
-affected animals must be destroyed
122
Herd Health
-Clostridium perfringens, tetanus
-Equine Herpes virus 1 - if around horses
-If around cattle - BVD and IBR
122
wool
grease-free
123
Other parasites
-Lungworms
-Liver flukes
-Coccidiosis
