Animal Science 320 Lecture 12 Flashcards
Intro to Immunology and Innate Immune System PT 1
What is immunology?
Is the study of the body’s defense against infection.
What is the Immune System?
Basic defense of the body
What is the immune system made of?
Composed by specialized cells and organized structures that coordinate defense mechanisms
What does the Immune system protect us from?
From harmful pathogens and disease
What happens when the immune system fails?
Disease arise
Who is Edward Jenner?
Developed the first vaccine against smallpox (18th century)
How did Edward Jenner develop the first vaccine against small pox?
By infecting a patient with cowpox and demonstrating that
the patient became immune to smallpox
Who is Louis Pasteur?
Demonstrated that infectious diseases are caused
by microorganisms (Germ theory of disease)
How did Louis Pasteur develop the first vaccine against rabies?
By attenuating the rabies virus,
making it less harmful
Who is Robert Koch?
Did work on tuberculosis that led to breakthroughs in understanding these kinds of diseases and treatments
Who laid the foundation for modern microbiology and the development of antibiotics?
Robert Koch
What are components of Mucosal Immune System?
Barrier Functions, Innate Immune Stsem, Adaptive Immune System
What does the Mucosal Immune System?
Stratify luminal microbes and Minimize bacterial-epithelial cell contact
What is Oral Tolerance?
Tolerance towards food antigens and commensal
microorganisms
What is Compartmentalization?
Prevent the induction of unnecessary systemic immune
responses
What is a Barrier Function?
Intestinal barrier are made up of numerous
different cell types
What types of cells are in the Barrier Function?
Enterocytes, Goblet cells Paneth cells, Microfold (M) cells
What are Enterocytes cells?
Ensures the uptake of ions, water, nutrients, vitamins and absorption of unconjugated bile salts
What are Goblet Cells?
Intestinal mucosal epithelial cells that serve as the primary site for nutrient digestion and mucosal absorption
What are Paneth Cell?
Found in crypts, produce
anti-microbial compounds
What are Microfold (M) Cells?
Facilitate the
maintenance of intestinal tolerance
One layer of epithelial cells
____ adhered to each other
Tightly
What is the Junctional Complex
Transcellular proteins connected
through adaptor proteins to the
actin cytoskeleton.
What is the Mucus Layer of the Farrier Function?
Glycoproteins called mucin secreted by
Goblet cells, Protein core with several polysaccharide
molecules attached
How many layers of Mucin are there?
2
What is the outer layer of Mucin?
Colonized by microorganisms
What is the inner layer of mucin?
High concentration of
antimicrobial peptides prevents
microbial colonization known as “Killing zone”
Presence of microorganisms close to epithelial
surfaces are recognized by what?
APCs via PRRs
What do Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) disrupt and how?
Disrupt microbial cell membrane by
forming pores
What acts as lytic enzymes disturbing microbial
cell membrane?
AMPs
What are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)?
Several germline-encoded receptors used to recognize different MAMPS
What is a Lamina Propria?
It is a loose connective tissue that contains several immune cells
What are some of the immune cells in Lamina Propria?
Antigen-presenting cells
(APCs), T cells and B cells, Innate Lymphoid cells, and other immune mediators
What allowed us to study the ecological complexity of the intestinal microbiota and its
impact on host physiology.
Culture-independent techniques (NGS)
Microbial cells in intestine surpass human cells by a factor of
10
Microbial genome is ___ more extensive than human
genome
100x
Metabolic
Vitamin B and K, SCFA
Structural
Promote epithelial cell proliferation mucin
production
Protective
Competitive exclusion of non-resident bacteria
and pathogens
Mucin glycans are what
for some bacteria?
Nutrients
What is the Niche Occupation?
Excluding potential
pathogens
How does the Niche Occupation reduce the pH
By production of
SCFAs acetate and lactate
Where do the cells of the immune system come from?
Bone Marrow
What is the the Bone Marrow?
Production of blood cells, Myeloid, Lymphoid
Where does Maturation of lymphocytes occur?
In Central Lymphoid Organs
What are all lymphoid and myeloid cells derived from?
Hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow
