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Animal Science > Animal Science > Flashcards

Animal Science Flashcards

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1
Q

Name important nutrients

A

Water, carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals

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2
Q

Whats the most important nutrient?

A

Water

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3
Q

What is water necessary for?

A

Digestion, carrying nutrients/waste, thermoregulation, and joint lubrication

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4
Q

What do carbohydrates serve as?

A

An immediate, short-lived energy source.

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5
Q

Where do animals obtain carbohydrates from?

A

Plants

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6
Q

What are carbohydrates the primary energy source for?

A

Growth and production/performance

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7
Q

Classify carbohydrates in 3 ways

A

Simple sugars, starch, and fiber

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8
Q

List the chemical compositions of simple sugars

A

Monosaccharides and disaccharides

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9
Q

List the chemical compositions of starch

A

Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides

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10
Q

What pancreatic enzyme does starch need for digestion

A

Amylase

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11
Q

What bond links starches

A

Alpha-glyosidic

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12
Q

List the chemical compositions of fiber

A

Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides

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13
Q

What does fiber need for digestion? Its made from microbes (bacteria)

A

A microbial enzyme

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14
Q

What bonds link fiber

A

Beta-glycosidic

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15
Q

What does fiber digestion from microbes produce?

A

Volatile fatty acids

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16
Q

Purpose of Fats/Lipids?

A

Long lasting energy source, fatty acids, improves taste and palatability

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17
Q

What do fats provide?

A

Concentrated, long lasting sources of energy.

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18
Q

Types of fatty acids

A

Saturated and unsaturated

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19
Q

Whats the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

A

Saturated are straight, unsaturated are bent by the double bond

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20
Q

What is protein required for

A

Growth and repair

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21
Q

What is proteins relationship with amino acids

A

Provides amino acids and is composed of amino acids

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22
Q

What does protein do?

A

Protein helps break down food, communicate with other cells, and moves blood

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23
Q

Why do younger animals need more protein?

A

To grow more

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24
Q

What types of vitamins are there

A

Water soluble and fat soluble

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25
Q

Which vitamins are fat soluble

A

Vitamins A, D, E, and K

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26
Q

What vitamins are water soluble

A

Vitamin C and B complex

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27
Q

What types of minerals are there

A

Macrominerals and microminerals

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28
Q

What are minerals required for?

A

Growth and metabolism

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29
Q

How much quantity are macro and micro minerals needed?

A

Macro is needed in large amounts, micro is needed in trace amounts

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30
Q

Definition of digestion

A

breakdown of larger food particles for absorption

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31
Q

Types of digestion:

A

Mechanical, chemical/enzymatic, and microbial

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32
Q

Monogastric definition

A

Digestion happens in stomach

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33
Q

Ruminant (foregut) definition

A

digestions happens before stomach

34
Q

Post-gastric (hindgut) definition

A

digestion after stomach

35
Q

Mechanical digestion definition

A

physical breakdown of food particles

36
Q

Chemical digestion definition

A

involves chemicals or enzymes to breakdown food particles

37
Q

Microbial digestion definition

A

Requires microbes to breakdown food particles

38
Q

What does amylase break down

A

Starch

39
Q

What does protease breakdown?

A

Protein

40
Q

What does lipase breakdown?

A

lipids and fats

41
Q

Examples of ruminants

A

cows, sheep, goats

42
Q

4 chambers of ruminant stomach

A

Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

43
Q

How does mechanical digestion occur in the mouth?

A

Mastication/chewing

44
Q

Rumen function

A

Microbial digestion and absorbing fatty acids

45
Q

What is the texture of the rumen called and look like

A

Papillae, it feels fingers

46
Q

Reticulum function

A

Microbial digestion and nutrient absorption

47
Q

Texture of the reticulum

A

honeycomb structures

48
Q

What occurs in the reticulum

A

Regurgitation

49
Q

Omasum function

A

Water absorption

50
Q

Omasum texture

A

Tissue folds called villi

51
Q

Abomasum function

A

The true stomach and protein digestion

52
Q

Abomasum texture

A

Glandular tissue folds

53
Q

Post-gastric examples

A

Horses, zebras, donkeys

54
Q

What is the difference between monogastric and post-gastric

A

The post-gastric large intestine is huge

55
Q

How is a horse different from monogastric animals?

A

Proportionally smaller stomach, and no gallbladder

56
Q

What happens in the small intestine of post-gastric stomachs?

A

Microbial digestion

57
Q

How is the horses cecum different from most?

A

It is proportionally much larger

58
Q

What is feedstuff

A

an ingredient in the total feed

59
Q

What is feed

A

the final product being fed

60
Q

What forms of feedstuff is there

A

Forages, concentrates, supplements

61
Q

Describe forages

A

High in fiber, comes in dry or wet form

62
Q

Describe concentrates

A

high in energy or protein, low in fiber

63
Q

List the nutrients supplements are high in

A

Vitamins and minerals, protein, and energy

64
Q

List the processed forms of concentrates

A

Whole, ground, roleed, crumbled, mash, pellets

65
Q

What is a source of feedstuffs

A

Byproducts

66
Q

What is the content of dry forages & roughages

A

high in crude fiber, low energy, low moisture content, varies in minerals, vitamins, and proteins

67
Q

Examples of dry forages & roughages

A

grass hay, cottonseed hulls, cornstalks

68
Q

Content of pasture & green forages

A

High crude fiber, low energy, high moisture content, Nutritive factors vary on pasture maintenance and health

69
Q

Pasture and green forage examples

A

Pasture/meadowgrass, wheat, Bermuda grass

70
Q

Silage definition

A

The preservation of green fodder in low oxygen conditions

71
Q

Silage examples

A

Whole plants, corn, hay, grass

72
Q

Silage content

A

High in moisture, half in energy and forage, added protein supplements

73
Q

Energy feeds content

A

High energy, carbohydrates, low vitamins and minerals

74
Q

Examples of energy feeds

A

Corn, wheat, barley, sorghum, oats

75
Q

Energy gold standard definition

A

A concentrate of high energy ingredients

76
Q

Energy gold standard variations

A

Whole, ground, steam flaked, cracked

77
Q

Protein supplements content

A

> 20% protein

78
Q

Examples of plant based protein supplements

A

Concentrate or byproduct forms of soybean meal, alfalfa

79
Q

Examples of animal based protein supplements

A

Animal byproducts but no feeding of the same species

80
Q

Vitamin & mineral supplements content

A

Different mixes that are species specific

Animal Science (1 decks)

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