Animal response to environment

Question 1

Nervous divided into 3 parts

Answer 1

• central nervous system (brain and spinal chord)
• peripheral nervous system (spinal and cranial nerves)
• autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic division)

Question 2

Sensory neurons

Answer 2

Conduct impulses from the receptor(sense organs) to central nervous system(brain/spinal chord). Also known as unipolar or afferent neurons.

Question 3

Motor neurons

Answer 3

Conduct impulses from CNS to effector organs(muscle or glands)

Question 4

Interneurons

Answer 4

Link sensory neurons to motor neurons via synapses, and conduct impulses through the brain and spinal chord

Question 5

Myelin sheath

Answer 5

Provides electrical insulation and speeds up the transmission of impulses

Question 6

Chemical co-ordination

Answer 6

It releases hormones into the blood to signal other cells to behave in certain ways. It is slow but widespread communication

Question 7

Hormones and nerves enable the body to:

Answer 7

1. Respond to internal and external changes

2. Co-ordinate the various activities of the body

Question 8

Endocrine glands

Answer 8

Release hormones into bloodstream

Question 9

Hormones

Answer 9

Are chemicals released in one part of the body that travel through the bloodstream and affect the activities of cells in other parts of the body

Question 10

Pituitary glands secrete…

Answer 10

1. growth hormone, stimulates growth in body
2. Thyroid stimulating hormone, stimulate the thyroid to secrete thyroxin
3. Prolactin, stimulates the mammary glands to secrete milk

Question 11

Hypothalamus secretes…

Answer 11

Secretes Anti-diuretic hormone(ADH) which stimulate the re-absorption of water from the tubules back into the blood.

Question 12

Thyroid gland

Answer 12

Secretes thyroxin (iodine is necessary for production), 
which controls metabolic rate(cellular respiration in mitochondria)

Question 13

Pancreas secretes:

Answer 13

1. Insulin, which decrease blood sugar levels

2. Glucagon, which increase blood sugar levels

Question 14

Adrenal glands secrete:

Answer 14

1. Adrenalin, prepare body for a crisis by increasing heart rate, breathing, glucose levels in blood, tone of skeletal muscles.
2. Aldosterone, prepare the re-absorption of Na from loop of Henle

Question 15

Ovaries secrete:

Answer 15

1. Oestrogen, stimulates female sex organ and secondary sexual characteristics
2. Progesterone, prepare uterus to receive fertilized ovum and maintains uterus during pregnancy.

Question 16

Testes

Answer 16

Secretes testosterone which stimulate the male sex organ an secondary sexual characteristics

Question 17

Adrenal Gland

Answer 17

• release Adrenaline in the body that helps prepare for and deals with stress.
• Also regulates kidney function.

Question 18

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 18

hair loss, bulging eye, sweating, enlarged thyrod, rapid heartbeat, difficulty sleeping, weak muscles, nervous

Question 19

Hypothyroidism

Answer 19

dry&corse hair, loss of eyebrow, puffy face, enlarged thyroid, slow heartbeat, arthritis, fatique, dry skin, weight gain, muscle aches

Question 20

Infertility

Answer 20

Causes:
No FSH secreted, no eggs will be released and the female will be infertile
Low sperm count in males, sexually transmitted diseases

Symptoms:
Inability to have children

Prevention:
Reduce behaviour that may increase chances of contracting STD’s