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Agriculture 1510 > Animal production > Flashcards

Animal production Flashcards

1
Q

What is agriculture

A

Economic activity where the output must be greater than the resources used in the production
Must be Physically, Biologically, and socio-economically sustainable

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2
Q

Who is involved in agriculture

A 
Livestock producers 
Food processors
Food consumers
Scientists
Economists
Government
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3
Q

Purpose of agriculture

A

Satisfying individual and national needs

  • security
  • export for exchange
  • import saving
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4
Q

What is agricultural land

A

Total land area - area under inland water

Agriculture area: arable land + permanent crops + permanent pasture

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5
Q

Arable land

A

Land under temporary crops, meadow/ pasture, temporary fallow, and market garden land

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6
Q

Permanent crops

A

Land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and do not need to be replanted every year

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7
Q

Models in agriculture

A

Characterize a systems behaviour
Essential tool
Generates knowledge and assists in problem solving

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8
Q

Efficiency ratio

A

Efficiency ratio = Output/Input

Relationship between inputs and outputs

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9
Q

Tools for adaptation in agriculture

A

Move beyond the status quo
More than surviving change
Enhance resilience or adaptive capacity
Development of science based policy

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10
Q

Livestock terms

A 
Bovine: Beef
Porcine: Swine
Ovine: Sheep
Equine: Horses
Caprine: Goats
Avine: Birds
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11
Q

Monogastrics

A

One stomach

Pigs, chickens, horses

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12
Q

Ruminants

A

4 stomachs

Cattle, Bison, Sheep, Goats

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13
Q

Cattle

A 
Mature, uncastrated male = Bull
Immature male = bull calf
Castrated male = steer
Mature female = cow
Immature female = heifer
Newborn = calf
Group = herd
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14
Q

Sheep

A 
Mature, uncastrated male = ram
Immature male = ram lamb
Castrated male wether 
Mature female = Ewe
Immature female = Ewe lamb
Newborn = Lamb
Group = flock
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15
Q

Goats

A 
Mature, uncastrated male = Buck (billy)
Immature male = Buck kid
Castrated male = wether
Mature female = Doe (nanny)
Immature female = Doe (kid)
Newborn = kid
Group = band
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16
Q

Swine

A 
Mature, uncastrated male = Boar
Immature male = Shoat
Castrated male = Barrow
Mature female = sow
Immature female = gilt
Newborn = piglet
Group = drove
17
Q

Chicken

A 
Mature, uncastrated male = rooster
Immature male = cockerel 
Castrated male = capon
Mature female = Hen (>19 weeks)
Immature female = pullet 
Newborn = chick
Group = flock
18
Q

Horses

A 
Mature, uncastrated male = Stallion
Immature male = colt
Castrated male = gelding
Mature female = Mare
Immature female = filly
Newborn = foal
Group = Herd
19
Q

Colostrum

A

First milk produced after the birth of an offspring, Rich in antibodies

20
Q

Weaning

A

Remove offspring from dam and prevent nursing

21
Q

Disbudding or dehorning

A

Removal of horns in cattle soon after birth

22
Q

Molt

A

Process where once a year hens stop laying and shed feathers

23
Q

Cull animals

A 
Animals removed from the heard because of...
Reproductive issues
Lameness
Disease
Temperament 
Low production
Herd rejuvenation
24
Q

Replacement animals

A

Animals produced to replace culled animals from the herd

Commonly for replacement of female breeding stock

25
Q

Who sets the Codes of practice for care and handling of farm animals

A

The National Farm Animal Care Council

26
Q

At what age do heifers reach maturity

A

Heifers calf at 2 years of age (first bred at 15 months)

27
Q

How often does a beef cow birth a calf

A

One birth every 12 months for 5-7 years

28
Q

What is supply management

A

Supply management is a system where farmers have a milk quota to ensure production matches the consumers needs

29
Q

How often does a dairy cow birth a calf

A

First calf at 2 years of age and once every 12 months after for 3-5 years
Calves are removed within 24 hours of birth and kept on milk for 5 weeks

30
Q

Sheep offspring

A

Puberty is 5-12 months
Can have 1-5 offspring
Bred in fall (Canada)

31
Q

End products of sheep production

A

Meat
Wool
Milk

32
Q

Goat offspring

A

Puberty at 4-10 months

1-3 offspring

33
Q

Goat end products

A

Meat
Milk
Pets
Mohair

34
Q

When do chickens start laying eggs

A

19 weeks

35
Q

How long do chickens take to reach market weight

A

4-8 weeks

36
Q

Pig offspring

A

First bred at 8 months
First litter at 13 months
10-12 piglets per litter

37
Q

Livestock housing requirements

A

Meet the animals needs
Provide for collection of high quality products
Safe handling of manure

38
Q

Why is AI less common in pig production

A

Pig semen cannot be frozen and therefor must be used within 3 days

Agriculture 1510 (3 decks)

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