ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY - NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards
controls rapid activities of the body such as muscular contraction, secretions of some endocrine glands, heart rate, respiration rate, gastrointestinal motility, and rapid reflex actions
nervous system
nervous system is composed of the
brain, spinal cord, nerves
adjustment of animal’s response to change in environment and complex linking of the processes in body for this response
co-ordination
these are the ones that actually physically responds to stimulus
effector organs
composed of _______ that specialize in impulse conduction, relay of messages from effector organs to nervous system and vice versa
nerve cells / neurons
(type of neuron) nerve impulses from effector organ to spinal cord
afferent (sensory)
(type of neuron) from brain / spinal cord to effector organs
efferent (motor)
(type of neuron) from an afferent to efferent and vice versa within central nervous system
interneurons
these are where the signals are received
dendrites (receptors at end)
single process that extends out from cell body to other cells; where a signal will be carried away to some other cell
axon
insulates the axon and the transferring of signal
myelin sheath
gap where nerve impulses are transmitted from one cell to another; junction area where the neuron will be communicating with another cell
synapse
division of nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord; command center
central nervous system
division of nervous system that resides outside the CNS, to serve the limbs and organs
peripheral nervous system
nerves that carry impulses to and from brain
cranial nerves
nerves that carry impulses to and from the spinal cord
spinal nerves
(under PNS) controls involuntary activities (ex. heart beat); innervates glands and visceral musculature
autonomic nervous system
(under PNS) consciously controls / voluntary; innervates striated or skeletal muscles, brings about quick adjustments (40m/s); ex. burn finger
somatic nervous system
(under autonomic ns) promotes maintenance of body at rest; controls involuntary acts that keep body run smoothly under normal everyday conditions
parasympathetic nervous system
(under autonomic ns) mobilizes the body’s resources for action under stress
sympathetic nervous system
under sympathetic, the pre-ganglionic neurons are _______, while the post is ________ and _______ (adrenaline)
acetylcholine; epinephrine and nor-epinephrine
under parasympathetic, pre-ganglionic neuron is acetylcholine; and post is ______ as well
same acetylcholine
