ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY - NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 1

controls rapid activities of the body such as muscular contraction, secretions of some endocrine glands, heart rate, respiration rate, gastrointestinal motility, and rapid reflex actions

Answer 1

nervous system

Question 2

nervous system is composed of the

Answer 2

brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 3

adjustment of animal’s response to change in environment and complex linking of the processes in body for this response

Answer 3

co-ordination

Question 4

these are the ones that actually physically responds to stimulus

Answer 4

effector organs

Question 5

composed of _______ that specialize in impulse conduction, relay of messages from effector organs to nervous system and vice versa

Answer 5

nerve cells / neurons

Question 6

(type of neuron) nerve impulses from effector organ to spinal cord

Answer 6

afferent (sensory)

Question 7

(type of neuron) from brain / spinal cord to effector organs

Answer 7

efferent (motor)

Question 8

(type of neuron) from an afferent to efferent and vice versa within central nervous system

Answer 8

interneurons

Question 9

these are where the signals are received

Answer 9

dendrites (receptors at end)

Question 10

single process that extends out from cell body to other cells; where a signal will be carried away to some other cell

Answer 10

axon

Question 10

insulates the axon and the transferring of signal

Answer 10

myelin sheath

Question 11

gap where nerve impulses are transmitted from one cell to another; junction area where the neuron will be communicating with another cell

Answer 11

synapse

Question 12

division of nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord; command center

Answer 12

central nervous system

Question 13

division of nervous system that resides outside the CNS, to serve the limbs and organs

Answer 13

peripheral nervous system

Question 14

nerves that carry impulses to and from brain

Answer 14

cranial nerves

Question 15

nerves that carry impulses to and from the spinal cord

Answer 15

spinal nerves

Question 16

(under PNS) controls involuntary activities (ex. heart beat); innervates glands and visceral musculature

Answer 16

autonomic nervous system

Question 17

(under PNS) consciously controls / voluntary; innervates striated or skeletal muscles, brings about quick adjustments (40m/s); ex. burn finger

Answer 17

somatic nervous system

Question 18

(under autonomic ns) promotes maintenance of body at rest; controls involuntary acts that keep body run smoothly under normal everyday conditions

Answer 18

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 19

(under autonomic ns) mobilizes the body’s resources for action under stress

Answer 19

sympathetic nervous system

Question 20

under sympathetic, the pre-ganglionic neurons are _______, while the post is ________ and _______ (adrenaline)

Answer 20

acetylcholine; epinephrine and nor-epinephrine

Question 21

under parasympathetic, pre-ganglionic neuron is acetylcholine; and post is ______ as well

Answer 21

same acetylcholine