Animal Physiology - Exam 2 Flashcards
The Nervous system is divided into two major systems:
the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
The central nervous system is used for ________/_________ and is mainly in the _____ & ______ _____.
integration/processing; brain & spinal cord
the Peripheral Nervous System is made up of two major divisions:
the efferent division and the afferent division
The efferent division concerns an _____ and is going ______ ____ the CNS, it contains _____ neurons
effect; outward from; motor
The afferent division is going ______ _______ the CNS and is ________ neurons
up towards; sensory
The Efferent division is divided into two types of nervous system:
the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system
What does the somatic nervous system pertain to?
Body movement via skeletal muscle
What are the two types of nervous system that the autonomic nervous system is split into?
The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system
The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems control
blood vessels, glands, and internal organs
What are the two subdivisions of the afferent division of PNS?
visceral sensory afferent (subconscious) and the somatic sensory afferent (conscious)
What does the visceral sensory afferent send signals from?
the signals are from sensory information from the viscera (internal organs)
What is another name for the somatic sensory afferent (conscious)
somatosensory
What does the somatic sensory afferent (conscious) send signals from?
- the signals are from the sensory information from the body surfaces (mechanical, thermal, pain/noxious) and limb/trunk position (proprioception)
- special senses (vision, olfaction, gustation, audition)
_______ cells respond to sensory _______
receptor; stimuli
What is the pathway through a receptor cell from stimuli to signal?
stimuli > selective receptor structures > intracellular amplification of signal > Neuronal signal to CNS
Pitch (tone)
depends on frequency
Pitch (tone) has the same _____ but a different _______
loudness; wavelengths (so can be a high or low note)
Intensity (loudness)
depends on amplitude
Intensity (loudness) has the same _____ but different amounts of _______
note; energy (so can be loud or soft noise)
Timbre (quality)
depends on overtones
Timbre (quality) has the same ______ and the same ____
loudness; note
the Basilar membrane is ______-________
frequency - specific
_____ frequencies are heard first in the Basilar membrane
high (are brief and look like a whip)
_____ frequencies can travel further without degredation
low (are longer and look like a wave)