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Biology > Animal Physio Lec6 > Flashcards

Animal Physio Lec6 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Types of muscle tissue ( under voluntary control)

A

Skeletal Muscles -> Muscular System

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2
Q

Types of muscle tissue (Under involuntary control)

A

Cardiac Muscle -> Heart Wall
Smooth Muscle -> Visceral Organs

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3
Q

Skeletal muscles attach to bones directly or indirectly

A

Insertion vs origin

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4
Q

Perform five function (Muscle tissue)

A

1.Produce movement of skeleton
2.Maintain posture and body position
3.Support soft tissues
4.Guard entrances and exits
5.Maintain body temperature

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5
Q

Fibrous covering of whole muscle

A

Epimysium

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6
Q

Fibrous covering of fascicle

A

Perimysium

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7
Q

Fibrous covering a single cell (muscle fiber)

A

Endomysium

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8
Q

Tendons is also known as

A

Aponeurosis

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9
Q

Muscle cell membrane

A

Sarcolemma

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10
Q

Muscle cell cytoplasm

A

Sarcoplasm

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11
Q

Similar to smooth ER

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

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12
Q

Infoldings of the surface membrane of a muscle fiber

A

Transverse Tubules (T Tubules)

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13
Q

Contraction organelle

A

Myofibrils (myocyte)

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14
Q

Contractile unit of the muscle fiber (myocyte)

A

Sacromeres

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15
Q

Repeating structural unit of the myofibril

A

Sacromere

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16
Q

Components of Sacromere

A

-Myofilaments
-Z (Zwischensheibe) lines
-M (Mittelsheibe) lines

17
Q

Myofilaments (Thin filaments)

A

Mostly actin

18
Q

Myofilaments (thick filaments)

A

Mostly myosin

19
Q

Threadlike structures that comprise the myofibril inside the muscle fiber

A

Myofilaments

20
Q

-Protein consisting of two identical subunits
shaped like a golfclub
-Tail ends are intertwined around each other with
the two globular heads projecting out at an end
-These heads are the cross bridges between the
thick and thin filaments

A

Myosin

21
Q

These heads (myosin) are the cross bridges between the
thick and thin filaments with the following
functions:

A

-An actin binding site
-A myosin ATPase site

22
Q

Thin filaments are composed of:

A

-Actin
-Tropomyosin
-Troponin

23
Q

molecules are spherical in shape with a
special binding site for attachment with a myosin
cross bridge

A

Actin

24
Q

are threadlike proteins that lie end-to- end alongside the grove of the actin spiral

A

Tropomyosin

25
Q

is a protein complex consisting of three
polypeptide units (one that binds to tropomyosin,
one that binds to actin and a third that binds with
Ca2

A

Troponin

26
Q

(Sliding filament mechanism)
- Thin filaments on each side of a sarcomere slide
inward over the stationary thick filaments towards
the ______ center

A

A band

27
Q

(Sliding filament mechanism)
-________ are pulled together so the sarcomere
shortens

A

Z lines

28
Q

______ becomes smaller, ________ decreases in
width, _________ width remains unchanged

A

H zone, I bands, A band

29
Q

Steps in neuromuscular transmission

A

a. Motor neuro action potential
b. Acetycholine release and binding
c. Action potential in sarcolemma
d. T tubule action potential
e. Calcium release from SR

30
Q

The neuromuscular junction

A

a. Synaptic terminal
(i. acetylcholine release)
b. Synaptic cleft
c. Motor end plate
(acetylcholine receptor, ace. binding, acetylcholinesterase/ acetylcholine removal)

31
Q

Excitation – Contraction Coupling

A
  • the physiological process of converting an
    electrical stimulus to a mechanical response
  • transduction between the action potential
    generated in the sarcolemma and the start of a
    muscle contraction
32
Q

Overview of the steps of muscle contraction

A
  1. Arrival of an action potential at the synaptic
    terminal.
  2. Release of acetylcholine.
    - Vesicles in the synaptic terminal fuse with
    the neuronal membrane and dump their
    content into the synaptic cleft.
  3. Ach binding at the motor and plate
    -The binding of ACh to the receptor
    increases the membrane permeability to
    sodium ions. Na+ then rush into the cell.
  4. Appearance of an action potential in the
    sarcolemma.
    - An action potential across the surface of
    the sarcolemma. While this occurs, AChE
    removes the ACh.
33
Q

Sliding Filament Theory

A

Biology (1 decks)

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