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Physio Lec > Animal Physio 2 > Flashcards

Animal Physio 2 Flashcards

1
Q

It includes the heart, veins, capillaries, arteries, lymph vessels and lymph glands

A

Circulatory System

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2
Q

The circulatory system is responsible for

A
  • Distributing blood throughout the body
  • Removing waste
  • Mounting immune response to infection
  • Aiding in regulating body temperature
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3
Q

It provides organs, tissues and cells with oxygen, nutrient, gases, hormones, and antibodies and removes carbon dioxide and metabolic waste.

A

Blood

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4
Q

It is responsible for draining fluid from the body and is an important defense mechanism against infection.

A

Lymphatic System

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5
Q

It is a muscle and is divided into the left and right side, each side is made up of atrium and a ventricle.

A

Heart

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6
Q

It receives the blood either from the lungs or the rest of the body.

A

Atria

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7
Q

The blood then passes into the _________ before being pumped out of the heart again.

A

Ventricle

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8
Q

What are the five types of blood vessels exists within the body

A

Arteries
Arterioles
Veins
Venules
Capillaries

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9
Q

The blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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10
Q

Small arterial branches that deliver blood to capillaries

A

Arterioles

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11
Q

Blood vessels that convey blood from tissues back to the heart

A

Veins

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12
Q

Small veins that collect blood from capillaries and delivers it to a vein.

A

Venules

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13
Q

They are the smallest blood vessels

A

Capillaries

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14
Q

Involved in the transfer of oxygen, nutrients, and gases to the cells of the body and the removal of carbon dioxide and metabolic waste.

A

Capillaries

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15
Q

They have very thin membranes so the components of blood can diffuse across the membrane and enter cells

A

Capillaries

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16
Q

This is where the interaction of molecules flowing in and out of blood happens

A

Capillary bed

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17
Q

What are the two main circulation systems of the body

A

Pulmonary system
Systemic system

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18
Q

It delivers blood to and from the lungs

A

Pulmonary system

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19
Q

Circulates blood throughout the rest of the body

A

Systemic system

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20
Q

What are the composition of blood

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma

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21
Q

The most numerous and contains a protein called hemoglobin

A

Red blood cells

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22
Q

It delivers oxygen to cells and aid in the removal of carbon dioxide

A

Red blood cells

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23
Q

It contains the mineral iron and is responsible for carry oxygen in the blood

A

Hemoglobin

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24
Q

What are the two types of white blood cells, which aid in combusting foreign bodies, bacteria, viruses, and other infective agents

A

Granulocytes
Agranulocyte (lymphoid cells)

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25
Q

It is responsible for the body’s immune response or defense against infection

A

White blood cells

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26
Q

Other term for white blood cells

A

Leukocytes

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27
Q

Other term for red blood cells

A

Erythrocytes

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28
Q

Other term for platelets

A

Thrombocytes

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29
Q

A fragment of cytoplasm enclosed in a cell membrane and lacking a nucleus

A

Platelet

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30
Q

It is found in circulating blood and play a role in clotting.

A

Platelet

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31
Q

It is the yellowish extracellular fluid found in blood vessels.

A

Plasma

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32
Q

Plasma is composed of

A

90% water

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33
Q

Lymphatic system is comprised of

A

Lymph vessels
Lymph nodes
Lymph organs
Areas of lymph tissues within the intestinal wall

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34
Q

What are the lymphatic organs

A

Bone
Marrow
Tonsils
Thymus
Spleen

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35
Q

Maintains internal fluid balance and is an important component of the body’s immune system

A

Lymphatic system

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36
Q

They originate in the body tissue and take lymph toward the heart

A

Lymph vessels

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37
Q

Filters lymph and act as a barrier against infection by harboring lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells

A

Lymph nodes

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38
Q

Filter lymph and act as a barrier against infection by harboring lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells

A

Lymph nodes

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39
Q

Breaks down various nutrients found in feed into molecules that can be used by the cells of the body

A

Digestive system

40
Q

Digestive system is made up of

A

Mouth
Tongue
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Anus

41
Q

What are the stages of digesting

A

Biting
Chewing
Swallowing and mixing of food
Digestion and absorption of nutrient
Excretion of waste

42
Q

It is a chemical breakdown of complex food into simple nutrients and ultimately into molecules that are small enough to pass across the wall of the intestines

A

Digestion

43
Q

It is the passage of molecules across the intestinal wall into the blood or lymph system

A

Absorption

44
Q

Organism that depend entirely on plants for food

A

Herbivores

45
Q

Organism that depends almost entirely on the flesh of other animals for food

A

Carnivores

46
Q

Organism that can consume both flesh and plants

A

Omnivores

47
Q

The three groups of animals based on their digestive systems

A

Ruminants
Monogastrics
Hindgut

48
Q

Organism who have four stomachs instead of one

A

Ruminant

49
Q

Examples of organism who are ruminants

A

Sheep
Cattle
Goats
Deer

50
Q

What are the four stomachs of ruminants

A

Rumen
Reticulum
Abomasum
Omasum

51
Q

It is the largest chamber of the ruminant stomach.

A

Rumen

52
Q

Organism which have a single glandular stomach

A

Monogastrics

53
Q

Organism that have a digestive system that is anatomically and physiologically similar to the human digestive system

A

Swine

54
Q

Organism that have a larger than normal cecum and hindgut

A

Hindgut

55
Q

Organism that has hindgut

A

Horse
Donkey
Rabbits

56
Q

These animals require microbes to break down cellulose so that they can digest high fiber plant material such as grass

A

Hindgut animals

57
Q

The tongue and lips are used to select food that animal intends to ingest

A

Mouth

58
Q

A process where Food is chewed or physically broken down to smaller pieces

A

Mastication

59
Q

It provides lubrication so the food may be swallowed and enzymes that break down the nutrients

A

Saliva

60
Q

A wave like motion that moves the food down the esophagus to the stomach

A

Peristalsis

61
Q

A tube like track that connects the pharynx to the stomach

A

Esophagus

62
Q

A storage chamber that holds food particles

A

Non-ruminant stomach

63
Q

What particles enter the rumen and microbes start eating or digesting these particles

A

Ruminant stomach

64
Q

If the gases are allowed to accumulate in the rumen and they may cause

A

Bloat

65
Q

An abnormal inflammation or distension of the rumen

A

Bloat

66
Q

It’s main function is absorption

A

Small intestine

67
Q

It is highly vasculated finger like projections that greatly increase the absorptive surface area

A

Villi

68
Q

Removes water and prepares the dry waste matter for feces and finally defecation

A

Large intestine

69
Q

Fecal material is excreted via the

A

Rectum

70
Q

Large intestine is consist of

A

Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

71
Q

What are the accessory digestive organs

A

Salivary glands
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder

72
Q

It has a ph balancing properties and provides enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of nutrients

A

Saliva

73
Q

Is made up of endocrine and exocrine glands

A

Pancreas

74
Q

It produces insulin

A

Endocrine gland

75
Q

Produces enzymes

A

Exocrine gland

76
Q

It excretes bile which is stored in the gallbladder

A

Liver

77
Q

This is where bile is stored

A

Gallbladder

78
Q

It has properties that allow it to emulsify fats increasing the efficiency at which they are digested

A

Bile

79
Q

The glandular stomach of poultry

A

Proventriculus

80
Q

They are secreted containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of carbohydrates lipids and proteins

A

Pancreatic juices

81
Q

It is secreted into the duodenum, and aids in the digestion of lipids

A

Liver bile

82
Q

It provides the oxygen to the blood and excretes waste gases such as carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory system

83
Q

The respiratory system includes

A

Lungs
Nostrils
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea

84
Q

These are the internal openings of the respiratory tract that lead to the nasal cavity

A

Nostrils

85
Q

It controls the breathing and prevents inhalation of foreign objects into the lungs

A

Larynx

86
Q

This is where the food and air pass through but not at the same

A

Pharynx

87
Q

This also called as windpipe, contains rings of cartilage that are rigid and prevented from collapsing

A

Trachea

88
Q

What are the two branches that divides the trachea

A

Primary bronchi

89
Q

Inside the lungs the bronchi branch into smaller bronchi and finally into the very small tubes called

A

Bronchioles

90
Q

The smallest portion of the respiratory system

A

Alveoli

91
Q

The primary function is to exchange gases with the atmosphere

A

Lungs

92
Q

Muscles of the diaphragm contract causing the thoracic cavity to enlarge and a vacuum to be created, the lungs to expand and the air is drawn into them.

A

Inhalation

93
Q

The diaphragm muscles relax causing contraction of the chest muscles which decreases the thoracic cavity size resulting in the retraction of alveolar elastic fibers

A

Exhalation

94
Q

The rate at which the brain stimulates breathing is affected by the carbon dioxide content of the blood body temperature and messages from other parts of the brain

A

Breathing rates

95
Q

Breathing rates of animals are controlled by nerve cells in a portion of the brain called the

A

Medulla oblongata

Physio Lec (2 decks)

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