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Biology 6A > Animal Phyla > Flashcards

Animal Phyla Flashcards

1
Q

How do sponges feed

A

Intracellular digestion

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2
Q

sponges gas exchange

A

diffusion

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3
Q

sponges circulation

A

diffusion

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4
Q

sponges excretion

A

diffusion

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5
Q

what type of development do sponges have (protostomic or deuterostomic)

A

none

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6
Q

What type of body cavity do sponges have

A

none

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7
Q

How many embryonic tissue layers do sponges have

A

none

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8
Q

What type of symmetry do sponges have

A

asymmetry

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9
Q

What is a polyp

A

the sedentary form of cnidaria

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10
Q

what is medusa

A

the free-swimming form of cnidaria

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11
Q

What type of symmetry do Cnidarians have

A

radial

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12
Q

How many embryonic tissue layers do Cnidarians have

A

dipoblastic (endoderm and ectoderm)

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13
Q

What type of body cavity do cnidarians have

A

lack a body cavity

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14
Q

are cnidarians protostome or deuterostome

A

neither

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15
Q

Cnidarians excretion

A

diffusion

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16
Q

Cnidarias circulation

A

diffusion

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17
Q

Cnidarias gas exchange

A

diffusion

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18
Q

How do Cnidaria move (ex: what type of skeleton: hydrostatic, hydraulic, etc.)

A

hydrostatic skeleton

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19
Q

What is a gastrovascular cavity

A

also known as an incomplete digestive tract. Used for digestion and transport of nutrients, one opening for food and waste (two-way digestive tract)

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20
Q

what kind of digestive tract do cnidarians have

A

incomplete digestive tract/gastrovascular cavity

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21
Q

how do cnidarians feed

A

extra and intracellularly

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22
Q

what kind of digestive tract do Platyhelminthes have

A

incomplete digestive tract/gastrovascular cavity

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23
Q

what number of tissue layers do Platyhelminthes have

A

triploblastic

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24
Q

are Platyhelminthes protostomes or deuterostomes

A

protostome

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25
Q

What type of symmetry do Platyhelminthes have

A

bilateral

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26
Q

what kind of body cavity do Platyhelminthes have

A

acoelomate

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27
Q

what are Endoparasites

A

and animal that lives inside a host’s digestive tract

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28
Q

examples of endoparasites

A

flukes and tapeworms

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29
Q

Platyhelminthes excretion

A

Protonephridial System (group of flame cells)

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30
Q

Platyhelminthes circulation

A

diffusion

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31
Q

Platyhelminthes gas exchange

A

diffusion

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32
Q

how do Platyhelminthes feed

A

by extending their pharynx and releasing enzymes outside their body

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33
Q

proglottid

A

functions in reproduction, each proglottid contains both male and female parts (monoecious). also has microvilli on surface for tapeworm to absorb nutrients

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34
Q

scolex, hooks, and suckers

A

scolex is the “head” and contains hooks and suckers which enables them to hang on to the digestive tract of the host

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35
Q

what are nematocysts

A

produce harpoon-like structures that help cnidarians defend themselves and capture prey

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36
Q

what is a hydrostatic skeleton used for

A

helps support and move the animal

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37
Q

what are flame cells

A

is a part of the excretory system and helps remove waste

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38
Q

How to tell female nematode appart

A

Bigger, (Y shaped) 2 branches of reproductive tract

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39
Q

How to tell male nematode appart?

A

Smaller, hooked tail, one branch of the reproductive tract

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40
Q

What is eutely

A

Every individual of the nematode species has the exact same number of cells. (Highly regulated cell division)

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41
Q

What is a cuticle

A

a barrier between the animal and the environment, The cuticle also contributes to the thrashing movement in nematodes because of its elastic recoil

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42
Q

What type of symmetry do Nematodes have

A

bilateral symmetry

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43
Q

How many embryonic tissue layers do Nematodes have

A

triploblastic

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44
Q

What type of body cavity do Nematodes have

A

pseudocoelom

45
Q

what type of development do Nematodes have (protostome or deuterostome)

A

protostome

46
Q

Nematodes excretion

A

diffusion

47
Q

Nematodes circulation

A

diffusion

48
Q

Nematodes gas exchange

A

diffusion

49
Q

How do Nematodes move

A

Hydrostatic skeleton, but unlike other animals with hydrostatic skeleton nematodes only have longitudinal muscles, giving them their characteristic thrashing movement

50
Q

What is a hemocoel

A

a cavity (in arthropods and mollusks) that contains blood or hemolymph and functions as part of the circulatory system

51
Q

What is an open circulatory system

A

an open circulatory system does not have capillaries so blood empties into “spaces” called sinuses that bathe tissue in hemolymph “blood”

52
Q

How does the hydraulic skeleton of mollusks work

A

blood is pumped into the sinuses producing movement for the animal

53
Q

What type of symmetry do mollusks have

A

Bilateral symmetry

54
Q

How many embryonic tissue layers do mollusks have

A

Tripoblastic

55
Q

What type of body cavity do mollusks have

A

Coelom with hemocoel

56
Q

what type of development do mollusks have (protostomic or deuterostomic)

A

protostome

57
Q

mollusks excretion

A

metanephridial system

58
Q

mollusks circulation

A

open circulatory system

59
Q

mollusks gas exchange

A

gills or modified lungs

60
Q

How do clams feed (mollusks)

A

clams take in water through their incurrent siphon where food particles are brought over the gills and towards the mouth water then passes out through exurrent siphon

61
Q

How do mollusks move (ex: what type of skeleton: hydrostatic, hydraulic, etc.)

A

hydraulic skeleton with the foot or tentacle

62
Q

which phyla are segmented

A

Annelida, Arthropoda, and Chordata

63
Q

How does the hydrostatic skeleton work with the segmentation seen in most annelids (how do they move)

A

each segment has its own separate hydrostatic skeleton, coelomic fluid, longitudinal and circular muscles. The setae (the hairs) are used as anchors to push off of to move in this process.

64
Q

How do annelids feed

A

with specialized regions of the digestive tract called the crop (used for storage) and gizzard (used to digest and grind up food)

65
Q

What type of symmetry do annelids have

A

Bilateral symmetry

66
Q

How many embryonic tissue layers do annelids have

A

triploblastic

67
Q

What type of body cavity do annelids have

A

coelom

68
Q

what type of development do annelids have (protostomic or deuterostomic)

A

protostome

69
Q

what kind of digestive tract do annelids have

A

complete digestive tract

70
Q

annelids excretion

A

metanephridial system

71
Q

annelids circulation

A

closed circulatory system. Annelids bring blood from back to front end

72
Q

annelids gas exchange

A

some have external gills, others do gas exchange across the body wall

73
Q

How do annelids move (ex: what type of skeleton: hydrostatic, hydraulic, etc.)

A

hydrostatic

74
Q

what is the typhlosole

A

a looped infolding inside the intestine that helps increase surface area in annelids

75
Q

How did the exoskeleton contribute evolutionarily to the invasion of land by arthropods?

A

The exoskeleton covers the whole body and protects against water loss which allowed arthropods to live on land

76
Q

Are arthropods segmented?

A

Yes but not internally like annelids

77
Q

What type of symmetry do arthropods have

A

bilateral symmetry

78
Q

How many embryonic tissue layers do arthropods have

A

triploblastic

79
Q

What type of body cavity do arthropods have

A

coelom

80
Q

what type of development do arthropods have (protostomic or deuterostomic)

A

protostome

81
Q

Arthropods excretion

A

Malpighian Tubule

82
Q

Arthropods circulation

A

open circulatory system with hemocoel

83
Q

Arthropods gas exchange

A

gills, book gills, book lungs, and the tracheal system

84
Q

How do arthropods move

A

through jointed appendages

85
Q

what are the functions of the pedipalps and the chelicerae

A

to feed, hold, and catch prey

86
Q

which phylum have endoskeletons

A

echinoderms and chordates

87
Q

What is the water vascular system and how does it work?

A

The water vascular system controls the tube feet through the movement of water. Water comes into the madreporite into the stone canal which connects down to the ring canal where it flows down to the radial canals of each arm where it fills the ampulla (which are connected to the tube feet)

88
Q

What do tube feet do?

A

Echinoderms use tube feet for feeding, moving, gas exchange, and excretion

89
Q

What type of symmetry do Echinoderms have

A

pentaradial. Think of a starfishes 5 arms

90
Q

How many embryonic tissue layers do Echinoderms have

A

triploblastic

91
Q

What type of body cavity do Echinoderms have

A

coelom

92
Q

what type of development do Echinoderms have (protostomic or deuterostomic)

A

deuterostome

93
Q

What kind of digestive track do echinoderms have

A

complete digestive tract

94
Q

Echinoderms excretion

A

echinoderms do not have an excretory system and use their tube feet via diffusion to get rid of waste

95
Q

Echinoderms circulation

A

no circulatory system

96
Q

Echinoderms gas exchange

A

tube feet assist with gas exchange. Dermal branchae (“skin gills”) project between the ossicles for gas exchange.

97
Q

What are the four defining characteristics of Chordates?

A

Post anal tail, notochord, pharyngeal gills, dorsal hollow nerve chord

98
Q

What type of symmetry do Chordates have

A

bilateral symmetry

99
Q

How many embryonic tissue layers do Chordates have

A

triploblastic

100
Q

What type of body cavity do Chordates have

A

coelom

101
Q

what type of development do Chordates have (protostomic or deuterostomic)

A

deuterostome

102
Q

Chordates excretion

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

103
Q

Chordates circulation

A

closed circulatory system

104
Q

Chordates gas exchange

A

pharyngeal gills at some point in the lifecycle

105
Q

How do Chordates feed

A

they use the stomach mouth and intestines for digestion

106
Q

How do Chordates move (ex: what type of skeleton: hydrostatic, hydraulic, etc.)

A

endoskeleton and segmented muscles

107
Q

The cholaca is the opening to what?

A

The reproductive system, the excretory system, and the digestive system

108
Q

What sets Vertebrates apart from other Chordates?

A

backbone, (a segmented column of bones that surrounds and protects the spinal cord) vertebrae, and a head protected by a skull

Biology 6A (3 decks)

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