Animal Phyla Flashcards
1
Q
How do sponges feed
A
Intracellular digestion
2
Q
sponges gas exchange
A
diffusion
3
Q
sponges circulation
A
diffusion
4
Q
sponges excretion
A
diffusion
5
Q
what type of development do sponges have (protostomic or deuterostomic)
A
none
6
Q
What type of body cavity do sponges have
A
none
7
Q
How many embryonic tissue layers do sponges have
A
none
8
Q
What type of symmetry do sponges have
A
asymmetry
9
Q
What is a polyp
A
the sedentary form of cnidaria
10
Q
what is medusa
A
the free-swimming form of cnidaria
11
Q
What type of symmetry do Cnidarians have
A
radial
12
Q
How many embryonic tissue layers do Cnidarians have
A
dipoblastic (endoderm and ectoderm)
13
Q
What type of body cavity do cnidarians have
A
lack a body cavity
14
Q
are cnidarians protostome or deuterostome
A
neither
15
Q
Cnidarians excretion
A
diffusion
16
Q
Cnidarias circulation
A
diffusion
17
Q
Cnidarias gas exchange
A
diffusion
18
Q
How do Cnidaria move (ex: what type of skeleton: hydrostatic, hydraulic, etc.)
A
hydrostatic skeleton
19
Q
What is a gastrovascular cavity
A
also known as an incomplete digestive tract. Used for digestion and transport of nutrients, one opening for food and waste (two-way digestive tract)
20
Q
what kind of digestive tract do cnidarians have
A
incomplete digestive tract/gastrovascular cavity
21
Q
how do cnidarians feed
A
extra and intracellularly
22
Q
what kind of digestive tract do Platyhelminthes have
A
incomplete digestive tract/gastrovascular cavity
23
Q
what number of tissue layers do Platyhelminthes have
A
triploblastic
24
Q
are Platyhelminthes protostomes or deuterostomes
A
protostome
25
What type of symmetry do Platyhelminthes have
bilateral
26
what kind of body cavity do Platyhelminthes have
acoelomate
27
what are Endoparasites
and animal that lives inside a host's digestive tract
28
examples of endoparasites
flukes and tapeworms
29
Platyhelminthes excretion
Protonephridial System (group of flame cells)
30
Platyhelminthes circulation
diffusion
31
Platyhelminthes gas exchange
diffusion
32
how do Platyhelminthes feed
by extending their pharynx and releasing enzymes outside their body
33
proglottid
functions in reproduction, each proglottid contains both male and female parts (monoecious). also has microvilli on surface for tapeworm to absorb nutrients
34
scolex, hooks, and suckers
scolex is the "head" and contains hooks and suckers which enables them to hang on to the digestive tract of the host
35
what are nematocysts
produce harpoon-like structures that help cnidarians defend themselves and capture prey
36
what is a hydrostatic skeleton used for
helps support and move the animal
37
what are flame cells
is a part of the excretory system and helps remove waste
38
How to tell female nematode appart
Bigger, (Y shaped) 2 branches of reproductive tract
39
How to tell male nematode appart?
Smaller, hooked tail, one branch of the reproductive tract
40
What is eutely
Every individual of the nematode species has the exact same number of cells. (Highly regulated cell division)
41
What is a cuticle
a barrier between the animal and the environment, The cuticle also contributes to the thrashing movement in nematodes because of its elastic recoil
42
What type of symmetry do Nematodes have
bilateral symmetry
43
How many embryonic tissue layers do Nematodes have
triploblastic
44
What type of body cavity do Nematodes have
pseudocoelom
45
what type of development do Nematodes have (protostome or deuterostome)
protostome
46
Nematodes excretion
diffusion
47
Nematodes circulation
diffusion
48
Nematodes gas exchange
diffusion
49
How do Nematodes move
Hydrostatic skeleton, but unlike other animals with hydrostatic skeleton nematodes only have longitudinal muscles, giving them their characteristic thrashing movement
50
What is a hemocoel
a cavity (in arthropods and mollusks) that contains blood or hemolymph and functions as part of the circulatory system
51
What is an open circulatory system
an open circulatory system does not have capillaries so blood empties into “spaces” called sinuses that bathe tissue in hemolymph “blood”
52
How does the hydraulic skeleton of mollusks work
blood is pumped into the sinuses producing movement for the animal
53
What type of symmetry do mollusks have
Bilateral symmetry
54
How many embryonic tissue layers do mollusks have
Tripoblastic
55
What type of body cavity do mollusks have
Coelom with hemocoel
56
what type of development do mollusks have (protostomic or deuterostomic)
protostome
57
mollusks excretion
metanephridial system
58
mollusks circulation
open circulatory system
59
mollusks gas exchange
gills or modified lungs
60
How do clams feed (mollusks)
clams take in water through their incurrent siphon where food particles are brought over the gills and towards the mouth water then passes out through exurrent siphon
61
How do mollusks move (ex: what type of skeleton: hydrostatic, hydraulic, etc.)
hydraulic skeleton with the foot or tentacle
62
which phyla are segmented
Annelida, Arthropoda, and Chordata
63
How does the hydrostatic skeleton work with the segmentation seen in most annelids (how do they move)
each segment has its own separate hydrostatic skeleton, coelomic fluid, longitudinal and circular muscles. The setae (the hairs) are used as anchors to push off of to move in this process.
64
How do annelids feed
with specialized regions of the digestive tract called the crop (used for storage) and gizzard (used to digest and grind up food)
65
What type of symmetry do annelids have
Bilateral symmetry
66
How many embryonic tissue layers do annelids have
triploblastic
67
What type of body cavity do annelids have
coelom
68
what type of development do annelids have (protostomic or deuterostomic)
protostome
69
what kind of digestive tract do annelids have
complete digestive tract
70
annelids excretion
metanephridial system
71
annelids circulation
closed circulatory system. Annelids bring blood from back to front end
72
annelids gas exchange
some have external gills, others do gas exchange across the body wall
73
How do annelids move (ex: what type of skeleton: hydrostatic, hydraulic, etc.)
hydrostatic
74
what is the typhlosole
a looped infolding inside the intestine that helps increase surface area in annelids
75
How did the exoskeleton contribute evolutionarily to the invasion of land by arthropods?
The exoskeleton covers the whole body and protects against water loss which allowed arthropods to live on land
76
Are arthropods segmented?
Yes but not internally like annelids
77
What type of symmetry do arthropods have
bilateral symmetry
78
How many embryonic tissue layers do arthropods have
triploblastic
79
What type of body cavity do arthropods have
coelom
80
what type of development do arthropods have (protostomic or deuterostomic)
protostome
81
Arthropods excretion
Malpighian Tubule
82
Arthropods circulation
open circulatory system with hemocoel
83
Arthropods gas exchange
gills, book gills, book lungs, and the tracheal system
84
How do arthropods move
through jointed appendages
85
what are the functions of the pedipalps and the chelicerae
to feed, hold, and catch prey
86
which phylum have endoskeletons
echinoderms and chordates
87
What is the water vascular system and how does it work?
The water vascular system controls the tube feet through the movement of water. Water comes into the madreporite into the stone canal which connects down to the ring canal where it flows down to the radial canals of each arm where it fills the ampulla (which are connected to the tube feet)
88
What do tube feet do?
Echinoderms use tube feet for feeding, moving, gas exchange, and excretion
89
What type of symmetry do Echinoderms have
pentaradial. Think of a starfishes 5 arms
90
How many embryonic tissue layers do Echinoderms have
triploblastic
91
What type of body cavity do Echinoderms have
coelom
92
what type of development do Echinoderms have (protostomic or deuterostomic)
deuterostome
93
What kind of digestive track do echinoderms have
complete digestive tract
94
Echinoderms excretion
echinoderms do not have an excretory system and use their tube feet via diffusion to get rid of waste
95
Echinoderms circulation
no circulatory system
96
Echinoderms gas exchange
tube feet assist with gas exchange. Dermal branchae (“skin gills”) project between the ossicles for gas exchange.
97
What are the four defining characteristics of Chordates?
Post anal tail, notochord, pharyngeal gills, dorsal hollow nerve chord
98
What type of symmetry do Chordates have
bilateral symmetry
99
How many embryonic tissue layers do Chordates have
triploblastic
100
What type of body cavity do Chordates have
coelom
101
what type of development do Chordates have (protostomic or deuterostomic)
deuterostome
102
Chordates excretion
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
103
Chordates circulation
closed circulatory system
104
Chordates gas exchange
pharyngeal gills at some point in the lifecycle
105
How do Chordates feed
they use the stomach mouth and intestines for digestion
106
How do Chordates move (ex: what type of skeleton: hydrostatic, hydraulic, etc.)
endoskeleton and segmented muscles
107
The cholaca is the opening to what?
The reproductive system, the excretory system, and the digestive system
108
What sets Vertebrates apart from other Chordates?
backbone, (a segmented column of bones that surrounds and protects the spinal cord) vertebrae, and a head protected by a skull
