Animal Nutrition Flashcards
Animal nutrition
Is the food that an animal eats, the way it is digested and how it is used in the body
Non- ruminates
•they have a single stomach
Another name for non-ruminant animals
Monogastric animal
Examples of non-ruminant animals
•Pigs
•Poultry(chickens,birds)
•Horse
Another name for Ruminant animals
Polygastric animals
How many types of animals do we have
Non- ruminants
Ruminants
Ruminant animals
•Have a more complex stomach divided into four compartments
•they can digest cellulose
•they can utilize urea
Examples of Ruminant animals
•Cows
•goat
•sheep
•springbok
Peristalsis
Rhythmic contraction abs relaxing of muscles in the alimentary canal responsible for movement of food through the system
Hindgut fermentation
Digestive process in monogastric animals where cellulose is fermented by symbiotic bacteria( some monogastric animals can digest cellulose eg horses, rabbits and ostriches)
Bolus
A small round soft mass,specially of chewed food
Cardiac sphincter
Ring of smooth muscles that control the movement of food
Amylase
An enzyme that converts starch to meltose
What prevents blood clotting in non-ruminant
In the liver we secrete heparin which prevent blood clotting
Functions of the liver
-store bile
-store glycogen
-store the fats soluble vitamins A,D,E and k
-secrete heparin which prevent blood clotting
Which fluids aid in digestion
•Bile
•Pancreatic juice
•intestinal juices
What is the function of urea in ruminants
Micro-organisms can change urea into microbial proteins
Can non-ruminant utilize urea and why?
•Non-ruminants can not utilize urea
•because they don’t have micro-organisms that change urea into microbial protein
•hence urea will be changed into ammonia which is very dangerous for Non-ruminants
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Active absorption
•Takes place from a low concentration of molecules to a higher concentration of concentration of molecules
•energy is needed
Diffusion
Of fluid through a semi-permeable membrane from a solution with a low solute concentration to a solution with a higher solute concentration
Where does Active and passive absorption take place
•passive absorption(osmosis or diffusion)
•into the capillaries of the villi
•then to the hepatic portal vein in the liver
Passive absorption
•through diffusion or osmosis
•movement of food molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
•no energy needed
What are monosaccharide
•Alcohol
•Simple sugars
What is absorbed in the stomach of animals
•Monoccharide
•Mineral salts
What is absorbed in the crop of a fowl
•Glucose
•Fatty acids
Where does absorption mainly take place
In the small intestines
• Jejunum
• Ileum
What is absorbed in the stomach walls of ruminants
• Fatty acids
• Ammonia
• Carbon dioxide
• Mineral salts
Nutrients components contained in feed
• Carbohydrate(sugars, strach, cellulose, and hemicellulose)
• Lignin
• Proteins
• Fats and oils
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water
What are lipids
Fats and oils
Ration
Mixture of different feeds
