Animal Nutrition Flashcards
Mouth
Food is ingested here. Contains teeth for Mechanicals Digestion and tongue for mixing food.
Salivary glands
Secrete saliva, moistens the food and contains an enzyme for breaking down starch.
Oesophagus
Moves food to the stomach by peristalsis
Cardiac sphincter
Muscle the regulates the entry of food into the stomach.
Liver
Manufactures bile, deaminates amino acids, metabolizes glucose and breaks down alcohol, drugs and hormones’.
Stomach
Mixes food into liquid called chyme. Some chemical digestion takes place.
Gail bladder
Stores bile until it is released into the small intestines.
Pancreas
Secretes pancreatic juice containing enzymes for digestion and secretes insulin and glucagon.
Pyloric sphincter
Muscle that regulates the exit of food from the stomach.
Small Intestines
Final digestion of food. Most of the food is absorbed.
Colon
Absorbs water and forms faeces.
Rectum
Faeces are stored here.
Anus
Faeces released from body during a process called egestion.
Appendix
No function in human
Stages of Mechanical Digestion
Food is broken down into small particles
1. The chewing process - Food is broken down by the teeth and tongue.
2. Bolus formation - Food is rolled into a ball. Pushed down the oesophagus.
3. Peristaltic movement - Contraction and relaxation of the muscle walls. Helps move the food particles forward to the stomach.
4. Churning movement - The contraction and relaxation of the muscles of the stomach wall. Food is broken down further and mixed with gastric juice.
