Animal Kingdom>taxonamic Ranks

Question 1

Animal Kingdom
taxonomic Ranks

Answer 1

Life> Domain> Kingdom > Phylum> Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species
A common System of Calssification

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

A classification given to a group of living organisms who can exchange genes and reproduce.

Question 3

instinct

Answer 3

Innate responses of a species

Question 4

Natural Selection

Answer 4

Ensures that appropriate responses lead to survival and that the less successful responses lead to death. (Gezz)

Question 5

Ethology

Answer 5

A science of Animal Behavior

Question 6

Evolution

Answer 6

A natural process of change and development. Charles Darwin believed that it leads to a new species.

Question 7

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

Answer 7

A British Scientist from the 19th century.

Question 8

Konrad Zacharias Lorenz
(1903-1989)

Answer 8

One of the founding fathers of modern ethology.

Question 9

Imprinting

Answer 9

A process by which young animals acquire responses from a auditory and visual cue from the parents.

Question 10

Tinbergen’s four Questions
Ethology / study of animal behavior

Answer 10

1. Function; survival , & reproduction
2. Mechanism ; stimuli cause and effect
3. Development ; does behavior change w/ age? What causes the behavior?
4. Evolutionary History ;

Question 11

Behaviorism Timeline

Answer 11

First half of the twentieth century, behaviorism became the dominant school of animal psychology.

Question 12

Behaviorism

Answer 12

The theory that behavior is learned, rather than genetically programmed

Question 13

John B Watson

Answer 13

American Psychologist who originated Behaviorism

Question 14

John B Watson’s
Stimulus Response Theroy

Answer 14

All complex forms of behavior, include emotions, thoughts, and habits are complex muscular and glandular responses that can be observed and measured.

Question 15

Behaviorists Theorized

Answer 15

Animals are born a “blank slate” where behavior can develop through environment, learning, & conditioning.

Question 16

Behaviorists recognize Conditioning ; 2 types

Answer 16

1. Classical Conditioning
2. Operant Conditioning

Question 17

Classical Conditioning

Answer 17

Is the association of stimuli that happens at approximately the same time, or the same area

Question 18

Operant Conditioning

Answer 18

Is the association of punishment or reward

Question 19

BF Skinner (1904-1990)

Answer 19

American Psychologist
Devised experiments on caged rats conditioning using operant conditioning.

Question 20

Instrumental Learning

Answer 20

Trial and error learning

Question 21

Reinforcement

Answer 21

1. Positive Reinforcement; Adding something to increase behavior . ( a treat for sitting on cue)
2. You take something away to increase a behavior.

Question 22

Punishment

Answer 22

1. Positive Punishment occurs when you add something to decrease a behavior. ( using an air horn to stop a dog from barking)
2. Negative punishment
   Removing something to decrease behavior ( turning your back when a dog jumps on you)

Question 23

Primary reinforcers

Answer 23

Stimuli that have a biological basis.

Question 24

Secondary reinforcers

Answer 24

Completely neutral or weakly positive reinforcement. (Games, tug on rope)

Question 25

Sociobiology

Answer 25

The study of biological basis of a social behavior. Extends the concept of Natural Selection to the social behavior of an animal.

Question 26

Instincts

Answer 26

Inherited or genetic coded responses to environmental stimuli. Instincts enable members of a species to respond appropriately to a wide range of situations in the natural world.

Question 27

Imprinting

Answer 27

A rapid learning process that enables the very young to recognize and bond with their caretaker