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11 - Biology > animal kingdom > Flashcards

animal kingdom Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How are the cells in cellular level of organisation?

A

They are arranged in loose aggregates.

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2
Q

What is incomplete digestive system?

A

When an organism has only one opening that serves as both the mouth and the anus, it is known to have an incomplete digestive system. For example: platyhelminthes.

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3
Q

Explain the open type of circulatory system.

A

In open type of circulation, cells and tissues are directly bathed in blood. For example: Porifera.

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4
Q

What is the closed type of circulation?

A

In the closed type of circulation, blood is circulated through a series of vessels of varying diameter. For example: Chordates.

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5
Q

What is radial symmetry?

A

When any plane passing through thr central axis divides the organism into two equal halves, the organism is known to have radial symmetry. For example: Ctenophora.

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6
Q

Explain bilateral symmetry.

A

Organism can be divided into teo equal halves in one plane. For example: Annelids.

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7
Q

What is diploblastic?

A

When cells are arranged into endoderm (inside) and ectoderm (outside), the middle layer is undifferentiated and is called mesoglea. For example: Cnidaria.

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8
Q

Explain Triploblastic.

A

Middle layer between ectoderm and endoderm is germinal and is called mesoderm. For example: Platyhelminthes.

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9
Q

Explain how organism are segregated in terms of coelom.

A

Coelom is the cavity between the body wall and gut wall. Organism are differentiated into acoelomate (no cavity), psuedocoelomate (aschelminthes), coelomate.

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10
Q

What are a pattern with series of segmentation called?

A

The pattern is called metameric segmentation while the phenomenon is called metamerism.

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11
Q

What is a notochord?

A

It is a mesodermally derived rod-like structure present on the dorsal side of the organism.

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12
Q

Explain how water travels through Porifera.

A

It enters through ostia, passes through the cavity called spongocoel, and goes out through osculum.

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13
Q

What lines the collar cells of spongocoel?

A

Choanocytes.

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14
Q

How is the body of Porifera supported?

A

Using spicules or spongin fibres.

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15
Q

How are the sexes in Porifera?

A

They are hermaphrodite.

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16
Q

How is digestion in Porifera?

A

Intracellular.

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17
Q

How is reproduction in Porifera?

A

Sexually through gametes, asexually through fragmentation. Fertilization is internal and development is indirect.

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18
Q

Give some examples of Porifera.

A

Sycon, Spongilla, Euspongia.

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19
Q

What is a structural characteristic of Coelenterata?

A

Presence of Cnidoblasts (stinging capsules)

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20
Q

What is s hypostome?

A

Mouth of Coelenterata.

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21
Q

What is the exoskeleton of Coelenterata composed of?

A

Calcium carbonate.

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22
Q

Explain the special characteristic feature of Coelenterata shown during reproduction.

A

It shows Metagenesis. Polyps produce Medusa asexually while Medusa produces Polyps sexually.

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23
Q

Give some examples of Coelenterata.

A

Adamsia, Aurelia.

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24
Q

What are Ctenophora commonly known as?

A

Comb jellies and sea walnuts.

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25
Q

How is digestion in Coelenterata?

A

Extracellular and Intracellular.

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26
Q

Digestion in Ctenophora?

A

Extracellular and Intracellular.

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27
Q

Characteristics of Ctenophora?

A

Presence of comb plates and property of bioluminescence.

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28
Q

Sexes in Ctenophora?

A

Hermaphrodite.

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29
Q

Reproduction in Ctenophora?

A

Sexual.

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30
Q

Fertilization in Ctenophora?

A

External and has indirect development.

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31
Q

Examples of Ctenophora?

A

Pleurobrachia and Ctenoplana.

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32
Q

What are Platyhelminthes?

A

They are flat worms usually found as endoparasites in animals.

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33
Q

Explain the symmetry and cell arrangement of Platyhelminthes.

A

They are bilaterally symmetric, acoelomate and triploblastic.

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34
Q

What is the special cell in Platyhelminthes?

A

Flame cells, that are used for osmoregulation and excretion.

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35
Q

Sexes in Platyhelminthes?

A

Hermaphrodite.

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36
Q

Fertilization in Platyhelminthes?

A

Internal with indirect development.

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37
Q

Examples of Platyhelminthes?

A

Planaria, Fasciola, Taenia.

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38
Q

Symmetry and cell arrangement in Aschelminthes?

A

Bilateral symmetry, psuedocoelomate, triploblastic.

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39
Q

Digestion in Aschelminthes?

A

Complete with muscular pharynx.

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40
Q

Sexes in Aschelminthes?

A

Dioecious.

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41
Q

Fertilization in Aschelminthes?

A

Internal and development may be direct or indirect.

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42
Q

Examples of Aschelminthes?

A

Ascaris, Wuchereria.

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43
Q

Symmetry and cell arrangement of Annelids?

A

Bilateral symmetry, coelomate, triploblastic and has metameres.

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44
Q

Locomotion of Nereis?

A

Parapodia.

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45
Q

Circulation system of Annelids?

A

Closed.

46
Q

Special cells in Annelids?

A

Nephridia for osmoregulation and excretion.

47
Q

Special neural system in Annelids?

A

Paired ganglia connected by lateral nerves to double ventral nerve cord.

48
Q

Sexes in Annelids?

A

Nereis is dioecious, but earthworms and leeches are monoecious.

49
Q

Reproduction in Annelids?

A

Sexual

50
Q

Examples of Annelids?

A

Pheretima, Nereis, Hirudinaria.

51
Q

Symmetry and cell arrangement of Arthropoda?

A

Bilateral symmetry, coelomate, triploblastic and has segments.

52
Q

Exoskeleton of Arthropoda?

A

Chitin.

53
Q

Body of Arthropoda?

A

Headz thorax and abdomen.

54
Q

Respiratory organs in Arthropoda?

A

Gills, book lungs tracheal system.

55
Q

Circulation of Arthropoda?

A

Open.

56
Q

Excretion of Arthropoda?

A

Malphigian tubules.

57
Q

Sexes of Arthropoda?

A

Dioecious.

58
Q

Fertilization of Arthropoda?

A

Internal, oviparous and development maybe direct or indirect.

59
Q

Examples of Arthropoda?

A

Apis, Locusta, Anopheles, Aedes.

60
Q

Symmetry and cell arrangement of Mollusca?

A

Bilateral symmetry, coelomate and triploblastic.

61
Q

Body of Mollusca?

A

Calcareous shell, unsegmented, distinct head, muscular foot and visceral hump.

62
Q

Special feature of Mollusca?

A

Sensory tentacles on anterior head, rasping organ for feeding called radula.

63
Q

Fertilization in Mollusca?

A

Oviparous with indirect development.

64
Q

Sexes in Mollusca?

A

Dioecious.

65
Q

Examples of Mollusca?

A

Pila, Sepia, Octopus.

66
Q

Exoskeleton of Echinodermata?

A

Calcareous ossicles.

67
Q

Symmetry and cell arrangement of Echinodermata?

A

Radial symmetry - adults, bilateral symmetry - larvae, coelomate and triploblastic.

68
Q

Digestive system of Echinodermata?

A

Complete with mouth on lower ventral side and anus on upper dorsal side.

69
Q

Distinctive feature of Echinodermata?

A

Water vascular system that helps in locomotion capture and transport of food and respiration.

70
Q

Excretion system of Echinodermata?

A

Absent.

71
Q

Sexes in Echinodermata?

A

Seperate.

72
Q

Reproduction in Echinodermata?

A

Sexual.

73
Q

Fertilization in Echinodermata?

A

External with indirect development.

74
Q

Examples of Echinodermata?

A

Asterias, Echinus, Cucumaria.

75
Q

Body of Hemichordata?

A

Cylindrical and composed of anterior proboscis, collar and trunk.

76
Q

Symmetry and cell arrangement of Hemichordata?

A

Bilateral symmetry, coelomate and triploblastic.

77
Q

Circulation of Hemichordata?

A

Open.

78
Q

Respiration in Hemichordata?

A

Through gills.

79
Q

Excretion in Hemichordata?

A

Proboscis gland.

80
Q

Sexes in Hemichordata?

A

Seperate.

81
Q

Fertilization in Hemichordata?

A

External with indirect fertilization.

82
Q

Examples of Hemichordata?

A

Balanoglossus, Saccoglossus.

83
Q

Characteristics of Chordata?

A

Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord and paired pharyngeal gill slits.

84
Q

Symmetry and cell arrangement of Chordata?

A

Bilateral symmetry, coelomate and triploblastic.

85
Q

Examples of Urochordata?

A

Ascidia and Salpa.

86
Q

Examples of Cephalochordata?

A

Branchiostoma.

87
Q

Divisions of Vertebrata?

A

Agnatha (lacks jaw) and Gnathostoma (bears jaw).

88
Q

Divisions os Gnathostoma?

A

Pisces (bears fins) and Tetrapoda (bears limbs).

89
Q

Special feature of cyclostomata?

A

Body devoid of scales and paired fins. Metamorphosis from ocean to fresh water.

90
Q

Cranium and vertebral column of cyclostomata?

A

Cartilaginous.

91
Q

Circulation of cyclostomata?

A

Closed.

92
Q

Examples of cyclostomata?

A

Petromyzon, Myxine.

93
Q

Special characteristics of chondrichthyes?

A

Persistent notochord, no operculum, minute placoid cells, teeth as modified placoid cells that are directed backward, no air bladder.

94
Q

Special physical features of chondrichthyes?

A

Torpedo - electric organs, Trygon - poison sting.

95
Q

Fertilization in chondrichthyes?

A

Internal and viviparous.

96
Q

Temperature of chondrichthyes?

A

They are poikilothermous.

97
Q

Examples of chondrichthyes?

A

Scoliodon, Trygon, Torpedo.

98
Q

Special feature of osteichthyes?

A

Gill slits covered by operculum, skin covered by cycloid cells, air bladder.

99
Q

Fertilization in osteichthyes?

A

External, oviparous and development is direct.

100
Q

Urinary opening in Amphibia?

A

Cloaca.

101
Q

Fertilization of Amphibia?

A

External, oviparous and indirect development.

102
Q

Examples of Amphibia?

A

Bufo, Rana, Hyla.

103
Q

Temperature of Reptiles?

A

Poikilothermous.

104
Q

Fertilization of Reptilia?

A

Internal, oviparous and direct development.

105
Q

Examples of Reptilia?

A

Chelone, Testudo, Chameleon, Alligator.

106
Q

Bones of Aves?

A

Pneumatic.

107
Q

Hind limbs of Aves?

A

Has scales for walking, swiming or clasping.

108
Q

Temperature of Aves?

A

Homoiothermous.

109
Q

Examples of Aves?

A

Columba, Pavo, Corvus.

110
Q

Examples of Mammalia?

A

Viviparous - Panthera Leo, Felis, Rattus, Canis. Oviparous - Platypus.

11 - Biology (4 decks)

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