Animal K Tissuiya Flashcards
What type of tissue is Areolar?
Connective tissue
Areolar tissue is a loose connective tissue that supports and binds other tissues.
What is the primary function of Adipose tissue?
Energy storage and insulation
Adipose tissue is specialized for storing fat and providing thermal insulation.
Which type of tissue is Skeletal?
Muscular tissue
Skeletal muscle is responsible for voluntary movements and is attached to bones.
What is a key characteristic of epithelial tissues?
Covering or protective tissue in animal body
Epithelial tissues line surfaces and cavities and serve as a barrier.
True or False: Epithelial cells are tightly packed with intercellular spaces.
False
Epithelial cells are tightly packed with no intercellular spaces.
What structure separates all epithelial tissues from others?
Basement membrane
The basement membrane provides support and anchorage for epithelial tissues.
What are the two types of Squamous Epithelial Tissue?
Simple Squamous Tissue and Stratified Squamous Tissue
Simple squamous tissue is a single layer, while stratified squamous tissue has multiple layers.
Describe the structure of Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue.
Single layer of extremely thin cells
This structure allows for efficient diffusion and filtration.
What is the primary function of Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue?
Protection from wear and tear
This type of tissue is found in areas subject to friction, such as the skin.
What shape are the cells in Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue?
Cube-like, with equal height and width
This shape is typical for glands and kidney tubules.
Where can Columnar Epithelial Tissue be commonly found?
Lining of the intestine and stomach
Columnar epithelial cells are taller than they are wide and often have specialized functions.
What are the characteristics of Ciliated Epithelial Tissue?
Cells have hair-like projections called cilia
Cilia help in the movement of substances like mucus in the respiratory tract.
What is the function of cilia in Ciliated Epithelial Tissue?
Facilitates movement of mucus, urine, egg, etc.
The rhythmic beating of cilia aids in transport within the body.
List the types of Muscular Tissue.
- Striated
- Smooth
- Cardiac
Each type of muscular tissue has distinct functions and locations in the body.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a key component of connective tissue.
Basement membrane
The basement membrane provides structural support and separation from other tissues.
What is muscular tissue composed of?
Muscle cells or muscle fibres
Muscle fibres are elongated and large sized.
What are the functions of muscular tissue?
Contraction and relaxation
Contractile proteins facilitate the movement of the body.
What are the three types of muscular tissue?
- Cardiac muscle
- Skeletal muscle
- Smooth muscle
What are the characteristics of smooth/visceral muscles?
- Unbranched
- Slow
- Striations are absent
- Do not fatigue
What is another name for smooth muscle?
Visceral muscle
Smooth muscle is spindle shaped or fusiform.
Where is the nucleus located in smooth muscle cells?
At the centre of each cell
Name two organs that have visceral muscles.
- Intestine
- Stomach
What is the nature of skeletal muscle movement?
Fast in nature
How do skeletal muscles fatigue compared to smooth muscles?
Easily fatigue
Smooth muscles do not fatigue.
What shape are muscle fibres in smooth muscle?
Elongated and cylindrical
What is the characteristic of skeletal muscle regarding striations?
Striations are present: Striated Muscles
Are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary?
Voluntary muscles
What is the characteristic of smooth muscles regarding control?
Not under our control: Involuntary Muscles
How many nuclei are present in each cell of skeletal muscle?
Each cell is multinucleated (many nuclei)
What is a key function of smooth/visceral muscles?
Peristalsis
What type of muscles are attached to the skeleton?
Skeletal muscles
What is the shape of cardiac muscle fibers?
Cylindrical
Cardiac muscle fibers are cylindrical in shape.
How many nuclei are present in each cardiac muscle fiber?
Uninucleated
Each cardiac muscle fiber has one nucleus.
Are cardiac muscle fibers branched or unbranched?
Branched
Cardiac muscle fibers are branched.
What type of striations are present in cardiac muscles?
Striations
Striations are a characteristic feature of cardiac muscles.
Do cardiac muscles fatigue?
Do not fatigue
Cardiac muscles are known for not fatiguing.
Where is cardiac muscle primarily found?
Only present in heart
Cardiac muscle is exclusive to the heart.
What type of muscle is cardiac muscle classified as?
Involuntary muscles
Cardiac muscles function involuntarily.
What is the primary function of cardiac muscle?
Help to pump and distribute blood to body
Cardiac muscle’s main function is to pump blood.
What type of muscle fibers are found in skeletal muscle?
Striated, tubular, and multinucleated
Skeletal muscle fibers are striated and tubular with multiple nuclei.
What is the main feature of smooth muscle fibers?
Non-striated, spindle-shaped, and uninucleated
Smooth muscle fibers lack striations and are shaped like spindles.
Where are skeletal muscles usually attached?
To skeleton
Skeletal muscles are typically connected to bones.
What is the primary role of connective tissue?
Connects various body parts
Connective tissue serves to bind and support different body structures.
What type of matrix can cells in connective tissue be embedded in?
Jelly, fluid, dense, or rigid
The matrix in connective tissue can vary in consistency.
What are the main types of connective tissue mentioned?
- Cartilage
- Blood
- Bone
- Adipose Tissue
- Tendons
These are some examples of connective tissue types.
What is the function of adipose tissue?
Acts as fat storage
Adipose tissue stores energy in the form of fat.
What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle fibers?
- Striated
- Branched
- Uninucleated
Cardiac muscle fibers have distinct structural features.
What is the histology of smooth muscle?
Non-striated, spindle-shaped, and uninucleated
Smooth muscle cells differ histologically from cardiac and skeletal muscles.
What role does connective tissue play in organ placement?
Prevents organ from getting displaced by body movements
Connective tissue helps stabilize organ positions.
What type of connective tissue is areolar connective tissue?
Loose Connective Tissue
What is the primary function of tendons?
Connects muscles to bones
What is the structural characteristic of adipose connective tissue?
Aggregation of fat cells
Which connective tissue provides shock absorption and insulation?
Adipose Connective Tissue
How many bones does a child typically have?
300 bones
How many bones does an adult typically have?
206 bones
What is the matrix of cartilage like?
Gel-like
What is the primary occurrence of loose connective tissue?
Between skin and muscles
What are the main components of the matrix in bone?
Calcium and phosphorous compounds
What connective tissue connects bones to bones?
Ligaments
What are the characteristics of tendons?
Fibrous tissue, great strength, limited flexibility
Fill in the blank: The longest bone in the body is the _______.
Femur
Fill in the blank: The shortest bone in the body is the _______.
Stapes
What is the matrix of adipose connective tissue primarily composed of?
Fat cells
True or False: Cartilage is flexible.
True
What is the primary function of ligaments?
Connects bones to bones
Where is adipose connective tissue typically found?
Below the skin and between internal organs
What is the matrix composition of tendons?
Little matrix is present
What does the matrix of cartilage provide?
Support and flexibility to body parts
What type of connective tissue has widely spaced out cells?
Cartilage
What are the primary functions of the skeletal system?
Forms a framework, supports the body, provides shape to body, protects vital body organs
Vital organs include the brain and lungs.
What type of connective tissue is blood classified as?
Fluid connective tissue
Blood connects different parts of the body and maintains continuity.
What are the two main components of blood?
Plasma and cells (RBCs, WBCs, Platelets)
Plasma is the liquid portion of blood, while cells include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell (RBC)?
120 days
The endpoint for RBCs is the spleen.
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
Transport gases, digested food, hormones, waste materials
RBCs are also known as erythrocytes.
What color is blood, and what gives it this color?
Red due to the presence of heme (Fe)
Heme has a high affinity for oxygen.
What is serum?
Clear liquid remaining after clotting proteins are removed from blood
Serum is obtained after blood coagulation.
What are the types of white blood cells (WBCs)?
Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
WBCs are also known as leukocytes.
What is the function of platelets?
Helps in blood clotting
Platelets are also known as thrombocytes.
What is the average lifespan of platelets?
7-10 days
Platelets are produced in the bone marrow.
What is the study of blood called?
Hematology
Hematology encompasses the study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood diseases.
What is the color and composition of plasma?
Slight yellow, 92% water, 8% proteins, salts, hormones
Plasma is the liquid part of blood and carries various substances.
What is the blood cell count of red blood cells (RBCs) per cubic millimeter?
5 million
The count can vary based on several factors including hydration and altitude.
What is the blood cell count of white blood cells (WBCs) per cubic millimeter?
10,000
WBC count can increase in response to infection.
What is the blood cell count of platelets per cubic millimeter?
20,000
A lower platelet count can indicate conditions such as dengue.
Fill in the blank: The graveyard of RBCs is the _______.
Spleen
The spleen plays a significant role in filtering blood and recycling iron.
True or False: WBCs are primarily responsible for transporting oxygen.
False
RBCs are responsible for oxygen transport, while WBCs are involved in immune defense.
