Animal Health and disease Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the definition of health?
The state of being free from illness or injury
What is acute disease?
When the disease develops rapidly…
-peracute (Very severe and short lasting- death)
What is a chronic disease?
Where the disease develops slowly and is drawn out over a long period
What is a sub-clinical infection?
Infected but without showing any overt signs of disease
What is an infectious disease?
A result of invasion of the animal by a foreign organism from another infected animal
What is a contagious disease?
A result of infection by direct contact with another infected animal
Give 1 example of a disease that can be transferred via ingestion
Foot and mouth disease- infectious saliva, milk, urine, semen can survive for months
Give 1 example of a disease that can be transferred via inhalation
Kennel cough
Give 1 example of a disease that can be transferred via infection through the skin
Tetanus- neuropathy following invasion of a wound
Define neuropathy
disease or dysfunction of one or more peripheral nerves, typically causing numbness or weakness
What are fomites?
Any objects which can convey infectious organisms such as structures, bedding, harnesses etc
How are veneral infections transferred?
Coitus (sex)
How are congentital infections transferred?
Across the placenta from mother to foetus during pregnancy
What is an arthropod?
Invertebrate that have piercing mouth parts which can take blood
How do pathogens succeed in the respiratory tract?
By attaching itself to the epithelial cells
What is the innate non-specific defence system?
- combats pathogens that have penetrated the body exterior and entered the body
- Acute inflammation is a central feature
What are interferons?
- A group of proteins released from cells infected with a virus
- bind to non-infected cells and induce production of enzymes that inhibit viral replication
What are acute- phase proteins?
- a group of plasma proteins produced in the liver at the onset of infection
- several proteins inhibit the effects of tissue destroying substances released by phagocytes
What are the two main properties of neutrophils?
Chemotaxis:- chemolatic signals can cause an army of neutrophils to move towards inflamed area via amaeboid movement.
Phagocytosis:- neutrophils engulf foreign bacteria by endocytosis and digest the paticles
What do macrophages do?
Phagocytiize just like neutrophils- except can digest more and larger particles before being destroyed
What is the function of inflammation?
To ensure that phagocytes and other substances brought to area to:
- remove injured tissue
- destroy any foreign organisms
What is an antigen?
All molecules and structures that can trigger a specific immune reaction.
Give 2 examples of primary disease prevention
1) Quarantine
2) Vaccination
Give 2 examples of secondary disease prevention
1) Screening for t.b
2) Somatic cell counts for mastitis
