Animal Health and disease

Question 1

What is the definition of health?

Answer 1

The state of being free from illness or injury

Question 2

What is acute disease?

Answer 2

When the disease develops rapidly…

-peracute (Very severe and short lasting- death)

Question 3

What is a chronic disease?

Answer 3

Where the disease develops slowly and is drawn out over a long period

Question 4

What is a sub-clinical infection?

Answer 4

Infected but without showing any overt signs of disease

Question 5

What is an infectious disease?

Answer 5

A result of invasion of the animal by a foreign organism from another infected animal

Question 6

What is a contagious disease?

Answer 6

A result of infection by direct contact with another infected animal

Question 7

Give 1 example of a disease that can be transferred via ingestion

Answer 7

Foot and mouth disease- infectious saliva, milk, urine, semen can survive for months

Question 8

Give 1 example of a disease that can be transferred via inhalation

Answer 8

Kennel cough

Question 9

Give 1 example of a disease that can be transferred via infection through the skin

Answer 9

Tetanus- neuropathy following invasion of a wound

Question 10

Define neuropathy

Answer 10

disease or dysfunction of one or more peripheral nerves, typically causing numbness or weakness

Question 11

What are fomites?

Answer 11

Any objects which can convey infectious organisms such as structures, bedding, harnesses etc

Question 12

How are veneral infections transferred?

Answer 12

Coitus (sex)

Question 13

How are congentital infections transferred?

Answer 13

Across the placenta from mother to foetus during pregnancy

Question 14

What is an arthropod?

Answer 14

Invertebrate that have piercing mouth parts which can take blood

Question 15

How do pathogens succeed in the respiratory tract?

Answer 15

By attaching itself to the epithelial cells

Question 16

What is the innate non-specific defence system?

Answer 16

• combats pathogens that have penetrated the body exterior and entered the body
• Acute inflammation is a central feature

Question 17

What are interferons?

Answer 17

• A group of proteins released from cells infected with a virus
• bind to non-infected cells and induce production of enzymes that inhibit viral replication

Question 18

What are acute- phase proteins?

Answer 18

• a group of plasma proteins produced in the liver at the onset of infection
• several proteins inhibit the effects of tissue destroying substances released by phagocytes

Question 19

What are the two main properties of neutrophils?

Answer 19

Chemotaxis:- chemolatic signals can cause an army of neutrophils to move towards inflamed area via amaeboid movement.
Phagocytosis:- neutrophils engulf foreign bacteria by endocytosis and digest the paticles

Question 20

What do macrophages do?

Answer 20

Phagocytiize just like neutrophils- except can digest more and larger particles before being destroyed

Question 21

What is the function of inflammation?

Answer 21

To ensure that phagocytes and other substances brought to area to:

• remove injured tissue
• destroy any foreign organisms

Question 22

What is an antigen?

Answer 22

All molecules and structures that can trigger a specific immune reaction.

Question 23

Give 2 examples of primary disease prevention

Answer 23

1) Quarantine

2) Vaccination

Question 24

Give 2 examples of secondary disease prevention

Answer 24

1) Screening for t.b

2) Somatic cell counts for mastitis

Question 25

What is tertiary disease prevention known as?

Answer 25

“fire brigade” or “salvage job” basically trying to save the animal

Question 26

What are the most common viruses that cause pneumonia?

Answer 26

• Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

- Parainfluenza type 3 (Pi3)