Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dairy Bowl : Animal Health > Animal Health > Flashcards

Animal Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is BVD?

A

Bovine Virus Diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Temperature of a calf?

A

102.5 degrees F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Temperature of a cow?

A

101.5 degrees F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pulse rate of a cow?

A

60-70 heart beats per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Respiratory rate of a cow?

A

30 breaths per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a disease?

A

A change in the normal state of the body or its organs which disturbs the proper performance of body functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

any microorganism that causes disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a toxin?

A

A poison produced by a microorganism that kills cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are immunoglobulins?

A

Antibodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do antibodies do?

A

synthesized by organs of the immune system to eliminate foreign substances such as microorganisms. The Army!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name 2 immunoglobulin isotypes

A

IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a carrier?

A

An animal that is infected with a disease but has not clinical symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diseases are classified based on their primary cause. Name 2 causes.

A

Environment, Genetics, Infections, Metabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diseases that are viral are:

A

Blue tongue, Cow pox, warts, BVD, PI-3 (flu)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diseases caused by clostridial organism

A

Blackleg, overeating disease, tetanus, malignant edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Metabolic Diseases

A

Displaced Abomasum (twisted stomach), ketosis, laminitis (Founder), milk fever (low Ca+), retained placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Diseases with color in them

A

Blackleg, Red Nose, Red Water, Blue tongue, Pinkeye, White heifer disease, White muscle disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is zoonoses

A

Diseases and infections that are transmitted between animals and humans.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Diseases that are zoonotic

A

Brucellosis, Cowpox, Rabies, Ringworm, Salmonellosis, TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is acidosis?

A

Metabolic disorder when a dairy cow eats too much grain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Blackleg?

A

Acute fever caused by bacteria (clostridium) and most occurs in pastured cattle during Spring or Fall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a condition when the cow can’t belch?

A

Bloat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Eating what makes a cow susceptible to bloat?

A

Legumes (soybeans, beans, peas, lentils, peanuts, clover, alphalfa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the instrument used to puncture the rumen in cases of bloat called?

A

trocar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV) infects what part of the cow’s body?

A

lymph tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Brucellosis is also called?

A

Bang’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What test is used to identify Brucellosis?

A

Milk ring test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Humans who drink raw milk can get the human equivalent of Brucellosis which is called.

A

Undulant fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Many diseases can be identified early by these signs and symptoms:

A

weight loss, reduced milk production, loss of appetite, fever, diarrhea, dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Coccidiosis is common in poultry and calves characterized by

A

chronic diarrhea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Two types of anti-coccidial drugs=

A
  1. kills coccidia and interrupt their life cycle.

2. inhibit the growth and development of coccidia and prevent them from reproducing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Cryptosporidiosis is a parasite and the common cause of what in calves and animals including humans?

A

Diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are management practices to reduce this parasite?

A

Clean and dry areas for cows to calve, feed colostrum using a clean bottle and sanitize the nipple, clean and dry pens, allow pens to thoroughly dry, feed & care for sick calves last.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Displaced Abomasum (twisted stomach)=

A

Abomasum moves position inside the body cavity and twists causing severe digestive problems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

DA which side effected?

A

Left-sided (80-90%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Factors that increase risk for DA=

A

acidotic rations, advanced pregnancy, high milk production, low Calcium, lack of exercise, lead feeding (cows eat too much lead on the farm), Selenium deficiency, stress of calving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Fat Cow Syndrome is a disease when what happens?

A

A cow gains too much weight during late lactation or dry period.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Grass Tetany is a metabolic disorder associated with what deficiency?

A

Mangesium. Occurs in adult cows milking heavily and grazing lush green pastures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Traumatic gastritis is also called

A

Hardware Disease. A magnet is swallowed and stays in the reticulum forever. The heart is next to the reticulum.

40
Q

What bacteria infects the small intestine of ruminant animals and does not show symptoms until 2-4 yrs of age?

A

Johne’s Disease. Cattle are infected soon after birth.

41
Q

Clinical Symptoms of Johne’s Disease are:

A

Diarrhea, unthriftiness, soft swelling in the jaw, drop in milk production, wt loss, infertility, death.

42
Q

2 Types of tests for Johne’s Disease are:

A
  1. Measure antibodies in the blood.

2. Test the manure to find the organism

43
Q

What is the treatment for Johne’s Disease?

A

No treatment. Strategies used to prevent the disease only.

44
Q

What are 3 strategies to prevent Johne’s Disease?

A
  1. prevent newborn calves and young animals from ingesting manure from adults.
  2. Calving areas dry and clean.
  3. Remove calf from dam immediately after birth.
  4. Do not use same equipment to clean up manure and load feed.
  5. Do not walk in feed bunks.
  6. Identify and remove infected animals and their manure.
  7. Investigate all animals considered for purchase, buy only test-negative herds.
  8. Do not allow test-positive cows to calve.
  9. Sell at birth all calves from positive cows.
45
Q

What is a condition when there is an accumulation of ketones in the body called?

A

Ketosis

46
Q

What are the 1st signs of ketosis?

A

Cows goes off feed, acetone (ketone) smell on cow’s breath.

47
Q

What is added to the feed to aid in the prevention of ketosis?

A

Niacin= B vitamin

48
Q

Why may a cow experience lameness?

A

Abscess (wound), foot rot, infection, injury, soft sole syndrome, trimming too close

49
Q

This is a fatal brain disease of cattle that affects the brain and spinal cord.

A

Mad cow disease (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)=originated in the UK

50
Q

This is caused by a deficiency of blood calcium related to an inbalance of Calcium, phosphorus and Vit D.

A

Milk Fever

51
Q

What percent of cows are affected by Milk Fever?

A

6%. Most cases occur within 72 hrs of calving.

52
Q

What group of cows are at greater risk for Milk Fever?

A

Older cows, fatty liver cows and Jerseys (Oh, No!)

53
Q

Symptoms of Milk Fever are:

A

Cows go down, rapid heart rate, dilated eyes, below normal body temperature.

54
Q

What is given IV for immediate treatment?

A

Calcium Gluctamate is an IV (intravenouse) injection.

55
Q

Mycotoxin is a toxin produced by what?

A

fungus, especially a mold.

56
Q

Clinical symptoms of Mycotoxins in dairy cattle include:

A

abortions, cystic ovaries, feed refusal, GI upsets, infertility, no milk, weight loss, unthriftiness, silent heats, rise in metabolic disease due to liver malfunction, poor response to therapy.

57
Q

What disease causes abortions and occassionally causes birth of weak “dummy” calves with serious brain infections?

A

Neosporosis, caused by a protozoan. Dogs are classified as a definitive host for this organism.

58
Q

Name external parasites in dairy cattle.

A
  1. flies
  2. lice (Winter and Spring= worst times)
  3. mites
  4. mosquitoes
  5. ticks
59
Q

Names types of flies

A

house, stable, face, horn, heel and deer

60
Q

Which fly spreads pinkeye?

A

face fly

61
Q

Which fly is associated with grubs or warbles in cattle?

A

heel fly

62
Q

Which flies need heat, moisture and a suitable breeding medium to survive and reproduce?

A

House and Stable.

63
Q

What are the phases of a fly’s life cycle?

A
  1. Egg
  2. Larvae
  3. Pupa
  4. Adult
64
Q

What is the most effective management tool to control flies on a dairy farm?

A

Sanitation

65
Q

Name internal parasites in dairy cattle.

A
  1. Lung worms
  2. Round worms
  3. Stomach worms
  4. Liver flukes
  5. Coccidia
66
Q

Which worm is the most economically detrimental parasite of cattle?

A

Brown stomach worm

67
Q

What is the class of chemicals used to kill internal parasites?

A

Anthelminthics

68
Q

What is a highly contagious disease characterized by an infection in the cornea or membrane lining of the eye?

A

Pinkeye

69
Q

What Season is pinkeye seen the most?

A

Summer

70
Q

What is the primary infectious agent of pinkeye?

A

Moraxella Bovis is a bacteria.

71
Q

Name the measures to prevent pinkeye.

A

Fly control, vaccination, clipping pastures to prevent seed-head development.

72
Q

What would cause Pneumonia in calves?

A

poor ventilation, high humidity, dirty pens, poor nutrition, overcrowding, wide range of ages in one pen, drastic change in temperature.

73
Q

What types of organisms cause Pneumonia?

A

bacteria, molds, parasites, viruses and yeasts

74
Q

Pneumonia-causing viruses include:

A

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBR), parainfluenza-3-virus (PI3), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)

75
Q

What is a deadly viral infection spread by infected animals?

A

Rabies

76
Q

Suspected Rabies are confirmed by what tests?

A

Fluorescent antibody test of brain tissue, by injecting brain tissue into mice and observing.

77
Q

What non-domestic animals carry Rabies that can be spead to cattle?

A
  1. bat
  2. bobcat
  3. coyote
  4. fox
  5. raccoon
  6. skunk
78
Q

What is a contagious disease caused by a fungus that invades the hair follicles and outer layer of skin that can be easily spread to other animals called?

A

Ringworm

79
Q

How do you treat ringworm?

A

Tincture of Iodine or anti-fungal medicine (lamisil, lotramine) used topically on the infected areas, isolate the animal, sunlight.

80
Q

What disease is characterized by diarrhea, dehydration and unthriftiness?

A

Scours

81
Q

How is scours transferred from one animal to another?

A

through the manure of an infected animal.

82
Q

What causes scours?

A

Bacteria, viruses and protozoa.

83
Q

What is a respiratory disease that cattle can develop after being transported by truck or train called?

A

Shipping Fever

84
Q

What is udder edema?

A

When an excessive amount of lymph accumulates between the skin and secretory tissue of the utter.

85
Q

What causes warts?

A

A virus and it is contagious to other calves.

86
Q

What disease is caused by a deficiency of Vit E and /or Selenium?

A

White Muscle Disease

87
Q

How do you treat White Muscle Disease?

A

Add Vitamin E and Selenium to the diet.

88
Q

What is the term to describe the number of sick animals during a specified period of time?

A

Morbidity rate

89
Q

What is Mortality Rate?

A

The number of dead animals during a specified period of time.

90
Q

Vaccinations for calves should be considered for these diseases:

A

Blackleg, Brucellosis, BVD, Clostridia, IBR, Leptospirosis, malignant edema, PI-3, scours

91
Q

Major types of vaccines are:

A

killed and modified live

92
Q

These are chemical agents given to animals that kill or stop the growth of bacteria.

A

Antibiotics

93
Q

What ways can you administer antibiotics to a cow?

A

Intramuscular injection, intravenous injection, intraperitoneal injection, intramammary infusion, intrauterine infusion, in feed.

94
Q

What vein is “ideal” location for IV injections?

A

Jugular vein (neck)

95
Q

What items should be in the medicine chest?

A

alcohol, disinfectant, iodine, bloat remedy, teat and udder ointments, adhesive tape, scissors, soap, trocar and canula, petroleum jelly (vaseline), sterile bandaging material, wash basin, syringe and needles

96
Q

What is the instrument called that is used to give an animal a pill?

A

balling gun

97
Q

What describes management practices that protect the herd from the entry of new diseases and minimizes the spread and /or adverse effects of disease in the herd?

A

Biosecurity

Dairy Bowl : Animal Health (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions