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Animal Handling 2 > Animal Handling Final > Flashcards

Animal Handling Final Flashcards

1
Q

4 methods of urine collection

A

Free catch, manual expression, cystocentesis, urinary catheterization

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2
Q

Reasons to perform urinalysis

A

To check for the presence of a UTI, diabetes, kidney disease, cystitis, neoplasia, liver disease, crystalluria

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3
Q

4 components of a urinalysis

A

Gross exam, specific gravity, chemical evaluation (reagent strip), microscopic exam

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4
Q

Why do we have to refrigerate urine?

A

Prevent artifacts and degeneration

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5
Q

Reasons to perform fecal testing

A

Confirm presence of parasite ova, determine parasite load, check for blood/mucous

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6
Q

Fecal collection method

A

Owner collects sample, manual collection - fecal loop

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7
Q

3 components of fecal analysis

A

Gross exam, direct smear, fecal flotation

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8
Q

Reasons to evaluate blood smears

A

Perform WBC differential, estimate platelet numbers, evaluate cellular morphology, evaluate cellular abnormalities, quality control of analyzing equipment, looking for parasites

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9
Q

Reasons to perform cytology

A

Rapid diagnostic information, differentiates neoplasia from inflammation, indicates if further procedures are required

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10
Q

Ways to collect cytology samples

A

Swabs, scrapings, impressions, FNA, biopsy, centesis

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11
Q

How long should a refrigerated urine sample be allowed to sit at room temperature before analyzing?

A

20 minutes

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12
Q

What urinalysis result may be affected by refrigeration?

A

Specific gravity

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13
Q

​What are 4 things that can happen to urine samples that are left out for an extended period prior to analysis?

A
  1. Decreased glucose and bilirubin concentrations​
  2. Increased pH ​
  3. Breakdown of RBCs and casts ​
  4. Bacteria growth increases
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14
Q

What is the downside of collecting a free catch urine sample?

A

It has the most potential for contamination from external factors

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15
Q

What colour is normal urine?

A

Light yellow to amber in color

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16
Q

What are some colour abnormalities of urine and what do they mean?

A

Pale-Clear: decreased concentration​

Dark yellow: oliguria – low urine output​

Brown: bile pigment​, myoglobin

Red/Brown: hematuria​

Orange: tetracycline, other drugs​

Green: bacteria​

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17
Q

What species have normally cloudy urine due to the presence of crystals?

A

Horses and rabbits

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18
Q

What does a gross analysis of urine consist of?

A

Obtaining and recording the colour​, clarity​, and smell​

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19
Q

Definition of pollakiuria

A

Frequent urination

20
Q

Definition of polyuria

A

Increased production of urine

21
Q

Definition of polydipsia

A

Increased water intake

22
Q

Definition of oliguria

A

Decreased urine output

23
Q

Definition of anuria

A

Absence of urine production

24
Q

What are 3 causes of anuria?

A

Urethral obstruction​, urinary bladder rupture, renal shutdown​

​

25
Q

When should urine be tested after collection?

A

30 min-1 hour

26
Q

What is used to evaluate chemical constituents of urine?

A

Reagent strip

27
Q

What PPE is needed most importantly when handling lab samples?

A

Gloves

28
Q

The order of staining blood smears is as follows

A

Fixative, eosin, methylene blue, rinse

29
Q

What angle should we hold the spreader slide when preparing a blood smear?

A

30 degrees

30
Q

What angle should we hold the spreader slide if preparing a sample of thick blood?

A

20 degrees

31
Q

What angle should we hold the spreader slide if preparing a sample of thin blood?

A

45 degrees

32
Q

Which procedure involves obtaining a sample with a dull scalpel blade and placing it on a microscope slide?

A

Scraping

33
Q

True or false: Blood smears need to be dried quickly before staining.

A

True

34
Q

True or false: We need to use immersion oil to view ectoparasites on a slide.

A

False

35
Q

How do we need to collect a urine sample for a culture and sensitivity?

A

Cystocentesis

36
Q

The study of cells

A

Cytology

37
Q

What technique do we use to collect cells from a mass?

A

Fine needle aspirate (FNA)

38
Q

True or false: Blood smears need to be evaluated as part of the complete blood count.

A

True

39
Q

Why should we dry a blood smear immediately after making it?

A

To prevent dust particles from sticking to it and avoid cell distortion

40
Q

True or false: If understained, cells will appear to be too dark

A

False

41
Q

True or false: Microfilaria can be picked up on a blood smear

A

True

42
Q

What are 3 things we need to do with samples that are dropped off and can’t be tested immediately?

A

Labeled, put in refrigerator, notify tech/write on white board

43
Q

True or false: Unstained blood smears should be stored in the refrigerator

A

False

44
Q

Proper technique of a blood smear will result in what shape?

A

Thumb-print

45
Q

True or false: Blood smears need to be stained before microscopic evaluation

A

True

46
Q

True or false: Ear swab samples do not need to be heat fixed before staining

A

False

47
Q

The 3 regions of a blood smear

A

Body, monolayer (counting area), feathered edge

Animal Handling 2 (2 decks)

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