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Biology 240 Exam 3 > Animal Form and Function > Flashcards

Animal Form and Function Flashcards

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1
Q

What is budding?

A

a form of asexual reproduction where new individuals arise from outgrowths on existing individuals

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2
Q

What is fission reproduction?

A

a form of asexual reproduction in which the parent organism splits into two individuals

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3
Q

What is parthenogenesis?

A

a form of asexual reproduction in which the egg develops without fertilization

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4
Q

What animals is parthenogenesis most common?

A

invertebrate species

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5
Q

What is hermaphroditism?

A

individuals possess both male and female reproductive systems

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6
Q

What are simultaneous hermaphrodites?

A

animals that can produce both male and female gametes at the same time

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7
Q

What are sequential hermaphrodites?

A

animals that switch sex, produce male and female gametes at different times

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8
Q

What is a reproductive cycle?

A

some organisms cycle between sexual and asexual reproduction

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9
Q

In what type of environment would an organism asexually reproduce?

A

stable environment

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10
Q

In what type of environment would an organism sexually reproduce?

A

unstable environment

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11
Q

What is internal fertilization?

A

when sperm is deposited inside of the female reproductive tract

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12
Q

What is external fertilization

A

when the sperm can fertilize eggs out of the female reproductive tract

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13
Q

What is spawning is relation to reproduction?

A

synchronous release of male and female gametes

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14
Q

Which type of fertilization has a higher zygote survival rate?

A

internal fertilization

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15
Q

Which form of fertilization allows the parent to choose a mate?

A

internal fertilization

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16
Q

Which form of fertilization ensures ease of reproduction?

A

external fertilization

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17
Q

Which form of fertilization doesn’t require the offspring to depend on the parents?

A

external fertilization

18
Q

What are male gonads?

A

testes

19
Q

What are female gonads?

A

ovaries

20
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

continuous production of male gametes

21
Q

From what cells do female gametes develop?

A

spermatogonia, stem cells in the testes

22
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

definite production of female gametes in the ovaries

23
Q

From what cells do female gametes develop?

A

oogonia, stem cells in the ovaries

24
Q

What is the function of hormones?

A

they facilitate chemical signaling between organs and organ systems

25
Q

What triggers gamete production?

A

sex hormones secreted from the gonads

26
Q

What sex hormones do the ovaries produce?

A

estrogen

27
Q

What sex hormones do the testes produce?

A

androgens

28
Q

What hormonal axis stimulates gamete production?

A

the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonads

29
Q

What is an ovary follicle?

A

A fluid filled sack in the ovary that houses a maturing oocyte and develops into the corpus luteum

30
Q

What is the corpus luteum?

A

A temporary gland in the ovaries that secretes estrogen

31
Q

What is the endometrium?

A

the lining of the uterus that serves as the site of embryo implantation

32
Q

What are the three phases of ovulation?

A

follicular phase, ovulation phase, and luteal phase

33
Q

What occurs during the first trimester?

A

the placenta forms and the embryo develops

34
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum during the first trimester?

A

the embryo secretes the hormone hCG to maintain the corpus luteum until the placenta forms

35
Q

What is the placenta and its purpose?

A

it is the interface between the mother and embryo that exchanges gases and nutrients

36
Q

Organogenesis

A

the formation of organs

37
Q

During which trimester does organogenesis occur?

A

the first trimester

38
Q

What is the fetus?

A

an embryo that has developed organs

39
Q

What do hormonal contraceptives do?

A

contain synthetic estrogen/progesterone that inhibits the secretion of GnRH and prevents ovulation

40
Q

What is an IUD?

A

intrauterine devices, present pregnancy with progestin or spermicides

Biology 240 Exam 3 (4 decks)

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