Animal Form and Function

Question 1

What is budding?

Answer 1

a form of asexual reproduction where new individuals arise from outgrowths on existing individuals

Question 2

What is fission reproduction?

Answer 2

a form of asexual reproduction in which the parent organism splits into two individuals

Question 3

What is parthenogenesis?

Answer 3

a form of asexual reproduction in which the egg develops without fertilization

Question 4

What animals is parthenogenesis most common?

Answer 4

invertebrate species

Question 5

What is hermaphroditism?

Answer 5

individuals possess both male and female reproductive systems

Question 6

What are simultaneous hermaphrodites?

Answer 6

animals that can produce both male and female gametes at the same time

Question 7

What are sequential hermaphrodites?

Answer 7

animals that switch sex, produce male and female gametes at different times

Question 8

What is a reproductive cycle?

Answer 8

some organisms cycle between sexual and asexual reproduction

Question 9

In what type of environment would an organism asexually reproduce?

Answer 9

stable environment

Question 10

In what type of environment would an organism sexually reproduce?

Answer 10

unstable environment

Question 11

What is internal fertilization?

Answer 11

when sperm is deposited inside of the female reproductive tract

Question 12

What is external fertilization

Answer 12

when the sperm can fertilize eggs out of the female reproductive tract

Question 13

What is spawning is relation to reproduction?

Answer 13

synchronous release of male and female gametes

Question 14

Which type of fertilization has a higher zygote survival rate?

Answer 14

internal fertilization

Question 15

Which form of fertilization allows the parent to choose a mate?

Answer 15

internal fertilization

Question 16

Which form of fertilization ensures ease of reproduction?

Answer 16

external fertilization

Question 17

Which form of fertilization doesn’t require the offspring to depend on the parents?

Answer 17

external fertilization

Question 18

What are male gonads?

Answer 18

testes

Question 19

What are female gonads?

Answer 19

ovaries

Question 20

What is spermatogenesis?

Answer 20

continuous production of male gametes

Question 21

From what cells do female gametes develop?

Answer 21

spermatogonia, stem cells in the testes

Question 22

What is oogenesis?

Answer 22

definite production of female gametes in the ovaries

Question 23

From what cells do female gametes develop?

Answer 23

oogonia, stem cells in the ovaries

Question 24

What is the function of hormones?

Answer 24

they facilitate chemical signaling between organs and organ systems

Question 25

What triggers gamete production?

Answer 25

sex hormones secreted from the gonads

Question 26

What sex hormones do the ovaries produce?

Answer 26

estrogen

Question 27

What sex hormones do the testes produce?

Answer 27

androgens

Question 28

What hormonal axis stimulates gamete production?

Answer 28

the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonads

Question 29

What is an ovary follicle?

Answer 29

A fluid filled sack in the ovary that houses a maturing oocyte and develops into the corpus luteum

Question 30

What is the corpus luteum?

Answer 30

A temporary gland in the ovaries that secretes estrogen

Question 31

What is the endometrium?

Answer 31

the lining of the uterus that serves as the site of embryo implantation

Question 32

What are the three phases of ovulation?

Answer 32

follicular phase, ovulation phase, and luteal phase

Question 33

What occurs during the first trimester?

Answer 33

the placenta forms and the embryo develops

Question 34

What happens to the corpus luteum during the first trimester?

Answer 34

the embryo secretes the hormone hCG to maintain the corpus luteum until the placenta forms

Question 35

What is the placenta and its purpose?

Answer 35

it is the interface between the mother and embryo that exchanges gases and nutrients

Question 36

Organogenesis

Answer 36

the formation of organs

Question 37

During which trimester does organogenesis occur?

Answer 37

the first trimester

Question 38

What is the fetus?

Answer 38

an embryo that has developed organs

Question 39

What do hormonal contraceptives do?

Answer 39

contain synthetic estrogen/progesterone that inhibits the secretion of GnRH and prevents ovulation

Question 40

What is an IUD?

Answer 40

intrauterine devices, present pregnancy with progestin or spermicides