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BIO 210B > ANIMAL EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY > Flashcards

ANIMAL EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Animal Characteristics

A 
Eukaryotic 
Heterotrophic (ingestion)
Multicellular 
Flexible
-no cell walls
-proteins connect cells
Tissues (except sponges)
-muscle and nervous tissues
Sexual reproduction (most animals)
-diploid dominant stage
Pattern of embryonic development 
-cleavage
-gastrulation
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2
Q

Common ancestor

A

Choanoflagellates

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3
Q

Factors for Cambrian Explosion (535-525 million years ago)

A

More oxygen
Better predators
HOX Gene evolved

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4
Q

When did animals comes to land?

A

Invertebrates
Arthropods (450 million years ago)

Vertebrates
Tetrapods
Amphibians and amniotes (365 million years ago)

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5
Q

Metazoan: Parazoa

A

Sponges
Lacks symmetry, defined tissues and organs
Can disaggregate and aggregate their cells

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6
Q

Metazoan: Eumetazoa

A

All animals but sponges
Has symmetry
Distinct tissues
Irreversible differentiation for most cells

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7
Q

Parazoa Phylum

A

Porifera

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8
Q

Phylum: Porifera

A

No symmetry
No tissues
Mostly marine
Spicules

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9
Q

Choanocytes

A 
Phylum: Porifera
Also known as collar cells 
Flagella create current
Traps food particles
Ingestion by phagocytosis
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10
Q

Amoebocytes

A

Phylum: Porifera
Transports nutrients to cells
Produces spicules/spongin

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11
Q

Porifera Food Acquisition

A

Filter feed

Intracellular

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12
Q

Porifera Reproduction

A

Sexual or asexual

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13
Q

5 Innovations of Animal Body Plan

A 
Tissues
Bilateral symmetry 
Body cavity 
Pattern of embryonic development 
Segmentation
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14
Q

Diploblastic

A

Two germ layers

  • endomorph (inside)
  • ectomorph (outside)
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15
Q

Phylums that are diploblastic

A

Cnidaria

Ctenophora

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16
Q

Phylum: Cnidaria

A 
Symmetry: Radial 
Tissue layers: Diploblastic 
Digestion: GV
Circulatory system: none
Respiratory system: none

Two forms
-polyps and medusa
Only animal nematocysts

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17
Q

Phylum: Ctenophora

A

Tissue layers: triploblastic

Colloblast

18
Q

3 kinds of symmetry

A

Asymmetric
Radial
Bilateral

19
Q

Characteristics of Bilateral Symmetry

A

Move with directions
Dorsal and central surfaces
Anterior and posterior sides (cephalization)

20
Q

3 germ layers

A

Ectoderm-surface and nervous system
Mesoderm- skeleton and muscles
Endoderm- organs and intestines

21
Q

Coelom

A 
Body cavity 
Repositions body fluids 
Allows complex tissues/ organs to develop
Allows larger body size 
(Not homologous)
22
Q

Acoelomate

A

No space between digestive tract and outer body wall

23
Q

Pseudocoelomate

A

Fluid filled space between digestive tract and outer body wall

24
Q

Coelomate

A

Fluid filled space between digestive tract and outer body wall lined with mesodermal tissue

25
Q

Deuterostome Phyla

A

Chordata

Echinodermata

26
Q

Protostomes

A

Spiral cleavage
Cell excision causes arrested development
Determinate development
Blastopore becomes mouth

27
Q

Deuterostome

A

Radial cleavage
Cell excision causes separate embryo
Indeterminate development
Blastopore becomes anus

28
Q

Open circulatory system

A

Blood passes from vessels into sinuses, mixes with body fluids and re-enters the vessels

29
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

Blood moves continuously through vessels separated from body fluids

30
Q

2 kinds of protostomes

A

Spiralians- grow by adding mass

Ecdysozoans- increase in size by molting their external cuticles or skeletons

31
Q

2 main groups of spiralians

A

Lophotrocozoa and platyzoa

32
Q

2 successful Ecdysazoan phyla

A

Nematoda and Arthropoda

33
Q

Phylum: Plathyhelminthes

A 
Spiralian 
Platyzoa
Acoelomate
Cilliated epithelial cells
Gastrovacular cavity
- cannot feed continuously 
Food acquisition through pharynx 
Excretion through flame cells
Eyes distinguish between light and dark 
Hermaphroditic
34
Q

Flukes

A 
Phylum: Plathyhelminthes
Parasitic worms
Larval infects mollusks
Adults infect vertebrates 
Causes schistosomiasis
35
Q

Tapeworms

A

Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Parasitic worms
Intestines of vertebrates
3 parts: scolex, unsegmented neck, proglottids

36
Q

Phylum: Rotifera

A 
Spriralian
Platyzoa 
Tiny multicellular 
Unsegmented 
Pseudocoelemate
Movement: cilia 
Some reproduce by parthenogenesis
37
Q

Phylum: Nemertea

A

Reduced coelem
Mostly marine
Closed circulatory system
Alimentary canal

38
Q

Phylum: Bryozoa

A 
Spiralian 
Lophotrocozoa (lophophore)
Radial cleavage 
Grow in colonies
U shaped alimentary canal (mouth near anus)
Asexual reproduction by budding
39
Q

Phylum: Brachiopods

A 
Spiralian 
Lophotrocozoa (lophophore)
Radial cleavage 
Grow solitarily 
Have 2 calcified shells
Shells are dorsal and central not lateral bivalves
40
Q

Phylum: Mollusca

A 
Spiralian 
Lophotrocozoa (trocophore)
2nd most diverse phylum 
Symmetry: Bilateral 
Circulatory: open
Respiratory: diffusion and lungs
Digestion: complete
May have head not always (clams)
Have radulas for shredding food
3 regions: foot, visceral mass, mantle
Digestive,excretory, and reproductive organs in visceral mass
Shell protects viscera 
Has mantle

BIO 210B (1 decks)

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