animal domestication Flashcards
tame
animal that is relatively tolerant of human presence
domestication
To adapt to a life in intimate association with and to the advantage of humans.
feral
Ancestors had been domesticated have reverted and now live in a wild state
wild
Living in a natural, undomesticated state
prey pathway
Human action to enhance resource yield or predictability. Most herbivores and pigs
commensal pathway
Animal moves into areas with humans and later develops partnership with humans. Cats and dogs
directed pathway
Humans deliberately set
out to domesticate a
species. Horses.
criteria for domestication
temperament, social structure, adaptability, utility to humans, genetic flexability
General characteristics of
domesticated animals
ability to breed in captivity and for their calm temperament
Domestication pathways
commensal, prey, directed
importance of animal
domestication for humans
facilitated change from hunter/gatherer to agrarian society, allowed the development of civilizations
dog domestication
Canis lupus familiaris, domesticated around 15,000 to 40,000 years ago, initially used for hunting, now used for companionship and service
sheep domestication
ovis aries, domesticated 9,000 BC, mouflon in Eurasia, good size and highly gregarious, lots of useful products
goat domestication
capra hircus, domesticated 8,000 BC, wild in Eurasia and Middle East, good size and highlighy gregarious, lots of useful products
cattle domestication
5,800 BC, Bos Turuas Turuas,
Eurasia, good use of products, key to agarian revolution
swine domestication
sus scrofa, 7,000 BC, Eurasia, hunted for control and food, not good herding animal
horse domestication
4,000 BC, equips caballus, good for meat, milk, and leather, used for warfare and draft
cat domestication
12,000 years ago, felis catus, Europe and Asia, commensal pathway, least domesticated,
chicken domestication
gallus gallus, 5,500 BC, meat, eggs, feathers,
other domesticated animals
asian water buffalo,(South Asia) yaks(tibet, Nepal, Mongolia)
camelids domestication
dromedary camel(asia, one hump) Bactrian camel(two humps, Mongolia)
Llama and alpaca(South America)
