Animal Diversity

Question 1

What 4 characteristics distinguish animals

Answer 1

Cell structure, mode of nutrition, movement, reproduction & development

Question 2

What is an extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Answer 2

Strong fibers on the outside of an animal cell which give structural support

Question 3

What features are distinct to an animal cell

Answer 3

lack cell wall, have an ECM , have unique cell junctions - anchoring, tight, gap - to hold cells in place & allow comm btw cells

Question 4

Are animals autotrophs or heterotrophs?

Answer 4

Heterotrophs

Question 5

What is a heterotroph?

Answer 5

An organism which must ingest organic molecules from other organisms in order to synthesise its own organic compounds.

Question 6

Name some modes of feeding

Answer 6

suspension, bulk, fluid

Question 7

What systems co-ordinate movement and prey capture in an animals body?

Answer 7

muscular-skeletal system, sensory, nervous system

Also: muscle tissue is unique to animals fyi

Question 8

What is metamorphis in animal development?

Answer 8

an unusual development phenomenon where an organism changes from juvenile to adult form

Question 9

How can metamorphis be beneficial?

Answer 9

It reduces competition between adults and juveniles as juveniles/adults occupy different habitats so it disperses the species over long distances

Question 10

In which Eon did multi-cellular life arise?

Answer 10

At the end of the Proterozoic Eon

Question 11

What are the 3 proposed causes of the profusion of animal phyla during the Cambrian explosion?

Answer 11

1. Favorable environment - warm, wet, incr. oxygen in atm
2. Evolution of Hox gene complex permitted variation in morphology
3. As new predators evolved, prey developed counteradaptations

Question 12

How long ago did vertebrates appear and plants and animals colonize land?

Answer 12

520mya

Question 13

The animal kingdom is monophyletic - what does this mean?

Answer 13

All taxa evolved from a single common ancestor

Question 14

What is believed to be the closest living relative of animals?

Answer 14

Choanoflagellate - a flagellated protist

Question 15

What 3 features of body plans have scientists traditionally used to classify animal diversity?

Answer 15

1. Presence/ absence of different tissue types
2. Type of body symmetry
3. Features of embryonic development