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Biology Laboratory > Animal Diversity > Flashcards

Animal Diversity Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the process wherein the single cell repeatedly divides?

A

Cleavage

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2
Q

What are blastomeres?

A

Smaller cells produced by cell division (cleavage)

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3
Q

What are cnidarian polyps with no medusa stage? They are also called “flower animals”

A

Anthozoa

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4
Q

Describe the septa of tube anemones.

A

completely unpaired

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5
Q

Give at least three characteristics of an animal.

A
  1. eukaryotic
  2. heterotrophic
  3. capable of aerobic respiration
  4. reproduces sexually
  5. motile at some point
  6. grows from a blastula
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6
Q

What is a zygote?

A

The union of male and female gametes

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7
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

outer layer of body wall

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8
Q

What do you call the lining of the gut cavity?

A

gastrodermis

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9
Q

What is a triploblast organism?

A

It has three embryological layers

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10
Q

What is an acoelomate?

A

It is an animal that has no internal, fluid-filled body cavity separating its body wall from its digestive tract.

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11
Q

What is a pseudocoelomate?

A

It is an organism that has false body cavities. It has a fluid-filled body cavity separating the gut of the organism from the body wall but it is not lined by mesoderm.

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12
Q

What is a coelomate?

A

It is an organism that has coelom or body cavity surrounded by mesoderm

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13
Q

What is protoplasmic organization?

A

Layer of organization exhibited by all unicellular organisms such as paramecium; all life functions confined within one cell

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14
Q

What is cellular organization?

A

It refers to an aggregation of differentiated cells working together

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15
Q

What is cell-tissue organization?

A

It refers to an organization of cells to form tissues (e.g. hydra have tissues but no organs)

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16
Q

What is tissue-organ organization?

A

It refers to tissues that aggregate to form organs (planarians have organs but no organ systems)

17
Q

What is organ-system organization?

A

It refers to organisms with organs that work together to perform functions and become organ systems

18
Q

Define spherical symmetry.

A

Any plane through the center divides the organism into mirrored halves; no animals possess this

19
Q

Define radial symmetry.

A

It is the symmetry around a central axis (more than two planes produce mirrored halves); examples are cnidarians, echinoderms, sponges

20
Q

Define biradial symmetry.

A

Only two planes produce mirrored halves; example is comb jellies

21
Q

Define bilateral symmetry.

A

The sagittal plane divides into mirrored halves; most of such animals also show anterior cephalization

22
Q

It separates posterior (back) and anterior (front) planes

A

Transverse plane

23
Q

It separates the dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) planes

A

Frontal plane

24
Q

It separates the left and right halves (mirror images)

A

Sagittal plane

25
Q

Define porifera.

A
  • have specialized cells and chambers
  • supported by a skeleton of spongin protein composed of calcium carbonate or silica
26
Q

Define cnidaria.

A
  • have specialized stinging cells called cnidocytes (which contain stinging structures called nematocysts)
  • have unique stages (polyp and medusa stage)
27
Q

Define platyhelminthes.

A
  • flatworms
  • have the most primitive “brain”
  • nervous system organized into a pair of lateral nerve cords and anterior enlargement (cerebral ganglion)
  • have a special excretory organ called nephridia or flame cells
28
Q

Define nematoda.

A
  • roundworms
  • have a pseudocoelom (a cavity between mesoderm and ectoderms)
  • can be both free-living and parasitic
29
Q

Define mollusca.

A
  • have a hard external shell
  • have thin structure called the mantle, which secretes the shell
  • have a visceral mass where organs
  • have a muscular foot for locomotion
  • have a feeding organ composed of chitinous teeth called radula
30
Q

Define annelida.

A
  • segmented worms
  • inhabit marine, terrestrial and freshwater habitats
  • exhibit metamerism or true segmentation
  • hermaphrodites
31
Q

Define arthropoda.

A
  • have very thick exoskeleton made up of chitin
  • can be identified by the number of pairs of appendages and number of segments in their body (cephalization)
32
Q

Define echinodermata.

A
  • only found in marine habitats
  • have a water-vascular system that serves their circulatory system
  • have endoskeleton composed of ossicles made up of calcium carbonate
33
Q

Define chordata

A
  • has notochord, a slender rod lying between the dorsal nerve cord and gut that provides flexible structure
  • have pharyngeal slits at one point in their lives/development
  • have dorsal tubular nerve cord
  • has post-anal tail

Biology Laboratory (2 decks)

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