Animal Development & Diversity

Question 1

Phylum Porifera

Answer 1

Sponges

Question 2

Phylum Cnidaria

Answer 2

Hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones

Question 3

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Answer 3

Planarians (these are not parasitic but many organisms in this group are)

Question 4

Phylum Mollusca

Answer 4

Clams, oysters, mussels, snails, slugs, octopi

Question 5

Phylum Annelida

Answer 5

Earthworms and leeches

*segmentation is key

Question 6

6 steps of animal development

Answer 6

1. Gametogenesis
2. Fertilization
3. Cleavage
4. Gastrulation
5. Neurulation
6. Organogenesis

Question 7

3 germ layers

Answer 7

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 8

Ectoderm forms what?

Answer 8

Epidermis, nervous system

Question 9

Mesoderm forms what?

Answer 9

Muscles and skeleton

Question 10

Endoderm forms what?

Answer 10

Lining of digestive tract

Question 11

Isolecithal eggs

Answer 11

Little yolk

Question 12

Telolecithal eggs

Answer 12

Lot of yolk concentrated at one end

Question 13

Meroblastic cleavage

Answer 13

Blastula forms at end where yolk is concentrated; incomplete cleavage

Question 14

Holoblastic cleavage

Answer 14

Complete cleavage in egg with little yolk

Question 15

Coelomate

Answer 15

Have body cavity called coelom

Question 16

Triploblastic

Answer 16

3 germ layers

Question 17

Diploblastic

Answer 17

Have 2 germ layers - no mesoderm

Question 18

Triploblastic organisms have how many openings?

Answer 18

2

Question 19

Diploblastic organisms have how many openings?

Answer 19

1

Question 20

Acoelomate

Answer 20

Have no coelom

Question 21

Pseudocoelomate

Answer 21

Have a coelom-like body cavity that is not derived from the mesoderm

Question 22

Anterior

Answer 22

Front

Question 23

Posterior

Answer 23

Back

Question 24

Dorsal

Answer 24

Top

Question 25

Ventral

Answer 25

Bottom

Question 26

Gastrulation

Answer 26

Formation of digestive tract

Question 27

Neurulation

Answer 27

Formation of neural tube

Question 28

Neural tube

Answer 28

Becomes brain and spinal cord

Question 29

Cleavage

Answer 29

Formation of blastula

Question 30

Blastula

Answer 30

Hollow ball of cells

Question 31

Organogenesis

Answer 31

Formation of organs

Question 32

Feritilization

Answer 32

Formation of zygote

Question 33

sponge symmetry

Answer 33

none

Question 34

hydra symmetry

Answer 34

radial

Question 35

planarian symmetry

Answer 35

bilateral

Question 36

earthworm symmetry

Answer 36

bilateral

Question 37

clam symmetry

Answer 37

bilateral

Question 38

sponge germ layers

Answer 38

none

Question 39

hydra germ layers

Answer 39

diploblastic

Question 40

planarian germ layers

Answer 40

triploblastic

Question 41

earthworm germ layers

Answer 41

triploblastic

Question 42

sponge body cavity

Answer 42

spongocoel

Question 43

hydra body cavity

Answer 43

gastrovascular cavity

Question 44

planarian body cavity

Answer 44

acoelomate

Question 45

earthworm body cavity

Answer 45

coelomate

Question 46

clam body cavity

Answer 46

coelomate

Question 47

earthworm circulatory system

Answer 47

closed

Question 48

clam circulatory system

Answer 48

open

Question 49

These organisms have no respiratory organs:

Answer 49

Sponge, hydra, planarian

Question 50

Earthworm respiratory organs

Answer 50

Moist skin

Question 51

Clam respiratory organs

Answer 51

Gills

Question 52

Planarian excretory organs

Answer 52

Protonephridia

Question 53

Earthworm excretory organs

Answer 53

Metanephridia on each segment

Question 54

Clam excretory organs

Answer 54

Nephridia

Question 55

Planarian locomotion

Answer 55

Crawl

Question 56

Earthworm locomotion

Answer 56

Peristalsis

Question 57

Clam locomotion

Answer 57

Muscular foot

Question 58

Sponge support system

Answer 58

Fibers of spongin

Question 59

Hydra and planarian support system

Answer 59

Hydrostatic skeleton

Question 60

Earthworm support system

Answer 60

Coelomic fluid

Question 61

Clam support system

Answer 61

shell

Question 62

Hydra appendages

Answer 62

Tentacles

Question 63

Earthworm appendages

Answer 63

Setae

Question 64

Hydra nervous system

Answer 64

Nerve network

Question 65

Planarian nervous system

Answer 65

Brain and ventral nerve cord

Question 66

Earthworm nervous system

Answer 66

Brain and ventral nerve cord

Question 67

Clam nervous system

Answer 67

3 ganglia