Animal Development & Diversity Flashcards by Kristen Mazowiecki | Brainscape

Q

Phylum Porifera

A

Sponges

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Q

Phylum Cnidaria

A

Hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones

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Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

Planarians (these are not parasitic but many organisms in this group are)

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Q

Phylum Mollusca

A

Clams, oysters, mussels, snails, slugs, octopi

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Q

Phylum Annelida

A

Earthworms and leeches

*segmentation is key

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Q

6 steps of animal development

A

Gametogenesis
Fertilization
Cleavage
Gastrulation
Neurulation
Organogenesis

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Q

3 germ layers

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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Q

Ectoderm forms what?

A

Epidermis, nervous system

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Q

Mesoderm forms what?

A

Muscles and skeleton

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Q

Endoderm forms what?

A

Lining of digestive tract

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Q

Isolecithal eggs

A

Little yolk

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Q

Telolecithal eggs

A

Lot of yolk concentrated at one end

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Q

Meroblastic cleavage

A

Blastula forms at end where yolk is concentrated; incomplete cleavage

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Q

Holoblastic cleavage

A

Complete cleavage in egg with little yolk

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Q

Coelomate

A

Have body cavity called coelom

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Q

Triploblastic

A

3 germ layers

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Q

Diploblastic

A

Have 2 germ layers - no mesoderm

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Q

Triploblastic organisms have how many openings?

A

2

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Q

Diploblastic organisms have how many openings?

A

1

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Q

Acoelomate

A

Have no coelom

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Q

Pseudocoelomate

A

Have a coelom-like body cavity that is not derived from the mesoderm

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Q

Anterior

A

Front

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Q

Posterior

A

Back

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Q

Dorsal

A

Top

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Q

Ventral

A

Bottom

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Q

Gastrulation

A

Formation of digestive tract

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Q

Neurulation

A

Formation of neural tube

Q

Neural tube

A

Becomes brain and spinal cord

Q

Cleavage

A

Formation of blastula

Q

Blastula

A

Hollow ball of cells

Q

Organogenesis

A

Formation of organs

Q

Feritilization

A

Formation of zygote

Q

sponge symmetry

A

none

Q

hydra symmetry

A

radial

Q

planarian symmetry

A

bilateral

Q

earthworm symmetry

A

bilateral

Q

clam symmetry

A

bilateral

Q

sponge germ layers

A

none

Q

hydra germ layers

A

diploblastic

Q

planarian germ layers

A

triploblastic

Q

earthworm germ layers

A

triploblastic

Q

sponge body cavity

A

spongocoel

Q

hydra body cavity

A

gastrovascular cavity

Q

planarian body cavity

A

acoelomate

Q

earthworm body cavity

A

coelomate

Q

clam body cavity

A

coelomate

Q

earthworm circulatory system

A

closed

Q

clam circulatory system

A

open

Q

These organisms have no respiratory organs:

A

Sponge, hydra, planarian

Q

Earthworm respiratory organs

A

Moist skin

Q

Clam respiratory organs

A

Gills

Q

Planarian excretory organs

A

Protonephridia

Q

Earthworm excretory organs

A

Metanephridia on each segment

Q

Clam excretory organs

A

Nephridia

Q

Planarian locomotion

A

Crawl

Q

Earthworm locomotion

A

Peristalsis

Q

Clam locomotion

A

Muscular foot

Q

Sponge support system

A

Fibers of spongin

Q

Hydra and planarian support system

A

Hydrostatic skeleton

Q

Earthworm support system

A

Coelomic fluid

Q

Clam support system

A

shell

Q

Hydra appendages

A

Tentacles

Q

Earthworm appendages

A

Setae

Q

Hydra nervous system

A

Nerve network

Q

Planarian nervous system

A

Brain and ventral nerve cord

Q

Earthworm nervous system

A

Brain and ventral nerve cord

Q

Clam nervous system

A

3 ganglia