animal cell [biology] Flashcards
what is the plasma membrane
composed of phosopholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in the layer protects cell from its surroundings and allows substances in and out of the cell
what is the cytoplasm
jelly like liquid that fills the cell , contains lots of dissolved substances and lots of chemical reactions take place inside
what is the nucleus
its surrounded by a double membrane ,has pores which control what goes in and out of the nucleus in the middle of the nuclues is the nucleolus its a region of dense dna and produces ribosomes.
what is a ribosome
tiny organelles attached rough er
or free floating in the cell,consits two sub-units[not surround by membrane]these make protiens , in a eukaryotic cell the ribosomes contain 80s, in a prokaryortic cell it contains 70s ribosomes (these are simpler)
rough endoplasmic rectilium
flattend sacs with a membrane coverd in ribosomes(where protiens are made), has large SA so lots of protiens are produced.
smooth endoplasmic rectilium
network bounds flattened sacs called cristane with no ribosomes,has membrane tubes ,and its were lipides are made
golgi apparatus
a stack of membrane bound flattened sacs . modifies protiens and packages proteins after protiensynethesis ready to be transported and secreted
what are lysosomes
lysosomes are small spherical membrane bound sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes,contain digestive enzymes and destroy old organelles and pathogens
centrioles
centrioles are involved in mitosis,have a cyndrical shape , they are made of two small protein fibres, that surround a central cavity
what are mitrochondria
site of respiration, (atp is produced here), surrounded by a double membrane, inner membrane has folded projections which increase its SA ,the central area of the inner membrane contains a jelly like substance called the matrix.
vesicles
small spherical membrane bound sacs with fluid inside . tranport vesicles transport materials inside cells,secretory vesicles are realesed from the cell
