ANIMAL CELL AND TISSUE Flashcards
To familiarize the Animal cell and tissue
tissues that covers body surfaces and lines body cavities.
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Epithelia that form the interface between the internal and external environments. Skin as well as the lining of the mouth and nasal cavity.
ECTODERM
Inner lining of the GI tract, lungs, urinary bladder, exocrine glands, vagina and more.
ENDODERM
These are derived from mesoderm.
MESOTHELIA
the outer covering of the lungs and the inner lining of the thoracic (chest) cavity.
PLEURA
the outer covering of all the abdominal organs and the inner lining of the abdominal cavity.
PERITONEUM
the outer lining of the heart.
PERICARDIUM
These are derived from mesoderm. The inner lining of the heart, all blood and lymphatic vessels.
ENDOTHELIA
___ of all epithelia is exposed to the internal environment - extracellular fluid (ECF).
THE BASOLATERAL SURFACE
The entire sheet of epithelial cells is attached to a layer of extracellular matrix that is called the basement membrane or, better (because it is not a membrane in the biological sense)
BASAL LAMINA
Type of epithelium tissue that is flattened cells that allows the movement of materials and nutrients through the cells, that is, passive diffusion.
SQUAMOS EPITHELIUM
is cube-shaped cells located in the pancreas and kidney tubules, they help in absorption of nutrients as well as secretion of hormones, sweat, wax, digestive enzymes and even milk
CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
is secretion and absorption of nutrients.
COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
serves many purposes in the body. The cells of connective tissue are embedded in a great amount of extracellular material. This matrix is secreted by the cells.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
is the strongest connective tissue with little ground substance, hard matrix of calcium and phosphorous
BONE
is often called fibrous connective tissue and include Tendons and Ligaments.
DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
is found between many organs where it acts both to absorb shock and bind tissues together.
LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Loose connective tissue that consists mostly of fat storage cells called adipocytes.
ADIPOSE TISSUE
tissue shows little specialization. It contains all the cell types and fibers and is distributed in a random, web-like fashion. It fills the spaces between muscle fibers, surrounds blood and lymph vessels, and supports organs in the abdominal cavity.
AEORAL TISSUE
is a mesh-like, supportive framework for soft organs such as lymphatic tissue, the spleen, and the liver. Reticular cells produce the reticular fibers that form the network onto which other cells attach.
RETICULAR TISSUE
is a connective tissue of cells separated by a liquid (plasma) matrix. Two types of cells occur. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) carry oxygen. White blood cells (leukocytes) function in the immune system.
BLOOD
facilitates movement of the animal by contraction of individual muscle cells (referred to as muscle fibers).
MUSCLE TISSUE
(striated) muscle fibers have alternating bands perpendicular to the long axis of the cell. These cells function in conjunction with the skeletal system for voluntary muscle movements.
SKELETAL MUSCLE
function in involuntary movements and/or autonomic responses (such as breathing, secretion, ejaculation, birth, and certain reflexes). These fibers are components of structures in the digestive system, reproductive tract, and blood vessels.
SMOOTH MUSCLE
fibers are a type of striated muscle found only in the heart. The cell has a bifurcated (or forked) shape, usually with the nucleus near the center of the cell. The cells are usually connected to each other by intercalated disks. The functions of the cells within the heart occur as part of the autonomic nervous system. This system controls organs, like the heart, that work involuntarily, which means without active control from the brain.
CARDIAC MUSCLE
are specialized for the conduction of nerve impulses
NEURONS
is composed of nerve cells called neurons and glial cells.
NERVOUS TISSUE
a typical neuron consists of a ___ which contains the nucleus
CELL BODY
surround neurons. Once thought to be simply support for neurons (glia = glue), they turn out to serve several important functions.
GLIA
These produce the myelin sheath that surrounds many axons in the peripheral nervous system.
SCHWANN CELLS
These produce the myelin sheath that surrounds many axons in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).
OLIGODENDROCYTES
These, often star-shaped cells are clustered around synapses and the nodes of Ranvier
ASTROCYTES
