Animal Cell Flashcards
1) Regulate the transport of molecules in & out of the cell
2) Site of enzyme specific activity
Plasma Membrane
》80% water - containing amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, ions, and enzymes
》Site of many chemical reactions
》 Suspends organelles & other substances
》 Thick Fluid
CYTOPLASM
“control center” bec. it coordinates all the cell’s activities, which include growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell division).
Nucleus
it stores the cell’s hereditary material, or DNA
Nucleus
- where ribosomes are produced
Nucleolus
threadlike structures inside the nucleus that carries the genetic material (where DNA is packed)
Chromosomes
processes, and transports a wide variety of biochemical compounds for use inside and outside of the cell
ER
2 types of ER
Smooth
Rough
- contains ribosomes
- site of protein synthesis
Rough ER
- w/o ribosomes
- for production of lipids & hormones
Smooth ER
》 On the cytoplasm as free ribosomes and in rough ER
》 Synthesize proteins
》 Produced in the nucleolus
RIBOSOMES
the packaging and shipping/distribution department for the cell’s chemical products.
Golgi Apparatus
composed of membrane- covered sacs called cisternae
Golgi Apparatus
composed of membrane- covered sacs called
cisternae
site of ATP synthesis via Cellular Respiration
Mitochondrion
► power generator of the cell, converting oxygen and nutrients into adenosine triphosphate
Mitochondrion
► A newly discovered organelle (1990’s)
Vaults
Contain hydrolytic enzymes for digestion of biomolecules; protect cell from foreign materials; digest subcellular parts as immediate fuel during cell starvation (“suicidal bag”)
Lysosomes
garbage system”of the cell
Lysosomes
- contain enzymes for oxidation of substances
Peroxisomes
-contain enzymes for conversion of fats to carbohydrates
Glyoxisomes
gives shape to the cell; protoplasmic streaming & bldg blocks of cilia, centriole (direct the cell during cell division), basal bodies & flagella (locomotory structure
Microtubules
for strength when exposed to mechanical stress; muscle contraction
MICROFILAMENTS
maintain cell shape; suspend & organize organelles; interconnect cytoskeletal elements & organize enzymes attached to them
INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
