Animal Cell Flashcards
what are Endoplasmic Reticulum
It is a series of folded membranes within the cell that transports materials.
what are Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum.
It does not have ribosomes and helps in modifying proteins that are produced by the rough ER.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
It is a series of folded membranes within the cell that transports materials.
Cell Membrane
This is the thin outer layer that separates the cell’s contents from its surroundings and regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell. It is also known as the plasma membrane.
what are the Nucleus and
Nucleolus and what is the difference between them.
Nucleus: It also houses the nucleolus, which is responsible for ribosome synthesis. Membrane bound.
Nucleolus:
This contains the cell’s DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins. It is not membrane bound
Lysosome
It is a vesicle containing digestive enzymes that break down unwanted cellular components and also destroy bacteria that invade the body. Only in the animal cell
Ribosome
They consists of RNA and proteins. They are responsible for protein synthesis, translating genetic information from messenger RNA (mRNA) to build proteins . Ribosomes can be found either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Vacuoles
These are membrane-bound sacs used for storing different materials within the cell.
Mitochondrion
Often referred to as the “powerhouses of the cell,” mitochondria generate the energy required for the cell’s survival and function. Through a series of chemical reactions, mitochondria break down glucose into an energy molecule known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used to fuel various other cellular processes.
Golgi apparatus
is a series of flattened, membrane-bound sacs responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids produced in the endoplasmic reticulum. It is essential for processing these molecules and directing them to their correct locations within or outside the cell.
Cytoplasm
A gel-like substance that fills the cell’s interior, helping to maintain its shape. Cytosol is the fluid part of cytoplasm.
Chloroplasts
Only in plant cells. chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis, converting solar energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis, they synthesize glucose and other organic compounds using carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. Chloroplasts are filled with chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs sunlight. Chlorophyll is what gives plants their green color.
Cell Wall
It is the cell’s outer cover. It protects and gives shape to the cell. Only in plant cells
What does the animal cell contain?
- Cell membrane
- Nucleus and Nucleolus
- Cytoplasm/cytosol
- Mitochondria
- Vacuole
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): both smooth and rough ER
- Golgi body
- Ribosomes
- Lysosomes
What does the Plant cell contain
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane
- Nucleus/ Nucleolus
- Cytoplasm/cytosol
- Chloroplasts
- Mitochondria
- Vacuole
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): both smooth and rough ER
- Golgi body
- Ribosomes
Three differences between Plant and Animal cells
Plant Cell : Has Chloroplasts and a cell wall, but Animal cells do not have these things
Animal Cell : has Lysosomes, while the Plant Cell does not have this.
It is a series of folded membranes within the cell that transports materials.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
It does not have ribosomes and helps in modifying proteins that are produced by the rough ER.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum.
It is a series of folded membranes within the cell that transports materials.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
This is the thin outer layer that separates the cell’s contents from its surroundings and regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell. It is also known as the plasma membrane.0
Cell Membrane
It also houses the nucleolus, which is responsible for ribosome synthesis. Membrane bound.
Nucleus
This contains the cell’s DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins. It is not membrane bound
Nucleolus
It is a vesicle containing digestive enzymes that break down unwanted cellular components and also destroy bacteria that invade the body. Only in the animal cell
Lysosome
They consists of RNA and proteins. They are responsible for protein synthesis, translating genetic information from messenger RNA (mRNA) to build proteins . Ribosomes can be found either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome
These are membrane-bound sacs used for storing different materials within the cell.
Vacuoles
Often referred to as the “powerhouses of the cell,” mitochondria generate the energy required for the cell’s survival and function. Through a series of chemical reactions, mitochondria break down glucose into an energy molecule known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used to fuel various other cellular processes.
Mitochondrion
is a series of flattened, membrane-bound sacs responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids produced in the endoplasmic reticulum. It is essential for processing these molecules and directing them to their correct locations within or outside the cell.
Golgi apparatus
A gel-like substance that fills the cell’s interior, helping to maintain its shape. Cytosol is the fluid part of cytoplasm.
Cytoplasm
Only in plant cells. chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis, converting solar energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis, they synthesize glucose and other organic compounds using carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. Chloroplasts are filled with chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs sunlight. Chlorophyll is what gives plants their green color.
Chloroplasts
It is the cell’s outer cover. It protects and gives shape to the cell. Only in plant cells
Cell Wall
- Cell membrane
- Nucleus/ Nucleolus
- Cytoplasm/cytosol
- Chloroplasts
- Mitochondria
- Vacuole
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): both smooth and rough ER
- Golgi body
- Ribosomes
Animal cell
Cell wall
- Cell membrane
- Nucleus/ Nucleolus
- Cytoplasm/cytosol
- Chloroplasts
- Mitochondria
- Vacuole
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): both smooth and rough ER
- Golgi body
- Ribosomes
Plant cell
