Animal Behavior

Question 1

What is cognition

Answer 1

Mental processes to gain knowledge and comprehension

• thinking
• knowing
• remembering
• judging
• problem solving
• imagination
• perception
• planning

Question 2

What is cognition used for

Answer 2

foraging
choosing partners
recognizing individuals
avoid predators
use tools
transfer information

Question 3

only mammals have a

Answer 3

neocortex

Question 4

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 4

Forced choice experiments with two alternative choices

Question 5

What does the learning curve show in the object discrimination and recognition show?

Answer 5

Percentage of correct choices increased per session

Trial times decreased

Question 6

What are Kanizsa illusion?

Answer 6

Kanizsa figures illusory contour by aligning Pac-Man-shaped inducers such that the edges form a shape.

Question 7

Ebbinghaus Illusion?

Answer 7

Relative size perception illusion

Question 8

Muller-Lyer illusion?

Answer 8

Line fragments?sticks are the same size, one seems larger

Question 9

What did Kanisza shark experiment show?

Answer 9

Sharks preferred the Kanisza figures in 77% or more of all transfer test trials

Question 10

What did Ebbinghaus/muller-lyer fish experiment show?

Answer 10

Fish trained in small circles preferred the illusion of small
and vice versa

Question 11

Are illussion perceived in the same way by all animals?

Answer 11

No
sharks and baboons dont fall for ebbinghaus
goldfish and sharks dont fall for
muller-lyer

Question 12

The role of tool use in animals

Answer 12

Efficient access to food - chimps
Hunting - archer fish
transport- ants
cleaning nest/burrows

Question 13

What is serial reversal learning?

Answer 13

food association is cultivated towards one of 2 possible stimulus then switched over and over

Question 14

What does serial reversal learning test?

Answer 14

behavioral and cognitive flexibility

• ability to undo learning
• ability to develop a learning strategy

Question 15

Which animals did best in learning reversal studies?

Answer 15

Sharks and turtles

sharks seem to have a more successful learning strategy

Question 16

How are numerical abilities useful?

Answer 16

foraging
spatial recognition
reproduction
individual recognition

Question 17

What did numerical abilities in sharks show?

Answer 17

They can distinguish, regardless of shape between 5:2,5:3 but not 5:4
sizes did not affect choice

Question 18

Orientation and spatial memory uses

Answer 18

Efficient foraging
mate searching
recognizing territories
seeking shelter
predator avoidance
finding home
migration

Question 19

Describe bird migration

Answer 19

Seasonal between breeding and wintering , short distance also
-they use
sky cues: sun and stars
magnetic fields
cognitive maps

Question 20

What strategies do organisms use for migration?

Answer 20

Compass (stars and sun)
sensory cues : magnetoreception, olfaction,
ecolocation, polarized light
path inegration(vectors and cues that inform an individual of its location change relative to its starting point)
landmark learning
map learning
direction learning

Question 21

Cognitive spatial maps

Answer 21

memory of a physical environment and the way to get there