animal and plant transport Flashcards
What is respiration?
The release of energy from glucose which occurs in every cell of all living organisms
It is a chemical reaction
What is breathing?
Ventilation
What is the function of the lungs?
Gaseous exchange
What is the chest cavity where the lungs are located called?
The thorax
What is the organ the separates the thorax and abdomen called?
Diaphragm
What are the adaptations of the alveolus?
Millions of them for a larger surface area
Thin walls for a shorter diffusion distance
Large blood supply to maintain the concentration gradient
Where does gaseous exchange take place? (Be specific)
alveoli
Explain what happens in the alveoli?
Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus (high concentration) into the bloss (low concentration) across the alveolus and capillary wall
Carbon dioxide does the opposite
Why does breathing rate and depth increase during exercise?
Exercise = muscle contractions = more energy required = more cellular respiration = oxygen + glucose = breathing rate and depth increase
What is the function of the circulatory system?
Transporting oxygen and glucose to every cell in the body for respiration
It is then used to remove carbon dioxide at the lungs and urea at the kidneys
It uses the blood, the heart and blood vessels
What happens in the right side of the heart?
Right side of the heart sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs to remove carbon dioxide and collect oxygen, it then returns to the heart
What happens in the left side of the heart?
Left side of the heart sends this oxygenated blood to cells in the rest of the body and then returns to the heart
How many times does the blood in one full circuit move through the heart?
Twice
What is the job of the heart and what is it made from?
Made of cardiac muscle
Made of cardiac muscle
To contract and pump this blood around the circulatory system
Name the components of blood and the percentage they take up
Plasma - 55%
White blood cells and platelets - 1%
Red blood cells - 44%
