Animal and plant responses

Question 1

Cytokinins

Answer 1

Very similar role to auxins. Promotes cell division. Promotes lateral budding rather than apical

Question 2

Absisic acid

Answer 2

Promotes seed and bud dormancy. Prevents seeds germinating while attached to the parent

Question 3

Allelopathy

Answer 3

A plant produces and releases a chemical that prevents or inhibits the growth of the other plant species in the area around it.

Question 4

Commensalism

Answer 4

A relationship between two animal or plant species that live together in which one species benefits from the association while the other is not significantly affected (+,0)

Question 5

Competition

Answer 5

A relationship between two or more organisms, populations, or species that share some environmental resource when it is in short supply. Both organisms are harmed (-,-)

Question 6

Chemotaxis

Answer 6

The directional movement of an animal in response to chemicals in the environment

Question 7

Biological clock

Answer 7

The mechanism that produces regular periodic changes in behaviour or physiology due to an internal clock

Question 8

Batesian mimicry

Answer 8

A harmless organism copies the pattern of a dangerous organism to get protection

Question 9

Actogram

Answer 9

Graphical representation of an organism’s activity during a day.

Question 10

Auxin

Answer 10

Shoot hormone

Regulate plant growth, cell division, cell elongation, differentiation apical dominance.

Promotes lateral root formation and promotes flowering

Question 11

Circa

Answer 11

Rhythm of about …….. e.g circadian (about a day)

Question 12

Circadian rhythm

Answer 12

Behaviour in an organism which is approximately 24 hours a solar day

Question 13

Circalunar rhythm

Answer 13

Behaviour in an organism which is about 29.5 days approximates the cycle of a lunar month

Question 14

Circannual rhythm

Answer 14

Behaviour in an organism which is approximately 365 1/4 days - the cycle of a solar year

Question 15

Circatidal rhythm

Answer 15

Behaviour in an organism which is about 12.5 hours - approximates the cycle of tides

Question 16

Complex hierarchy

Answer 16

Is a social structure in which each has a relative position of dominance

Question 17

Cooperative breeding

Answer 17

A breeding system in which members of an extended family all help in the rearing of offspring.

Question 18

Cooperative defence

Answer 18

Where members of a group combine their strengths to defend against predators

Question 19

Courtship behaviour

Answer 19

Behaviour in animals that plays a part in the initial attraction of a mate or as a prelude to mating. These are often species-specific

Question 20

Crepuscular animals

Answer 20

A plant in which flowering can occur irrespective of the day length

Question 21

Crepuscular animals

Answer 21

Animals that are most active at dawn and dusk

Question 22

Dominance

Answer 22

Behaviour showing by an individual that is higher in a hierarchy that the individual it is relating with

Question 23

Endogenous

Answer 23

Rhythm controlled by an internal biological clock due to their DNA

Question 24

Entrainment

Answer 24

The resetting of the biological clock on a regular basis, forcing it ti take up the period of the environmental cycle

Question 25

Environmental cues

Answer 25

A change in the external environment that triggers a change in behaviour or physiology

Question 26

Free running period

Answer 26

The period of a biological rhythm in the absence of external environmental cues

Question 27

Geotaxis

Answer 27

The directional movement of an animal in response to gravity

Question 28

Herbivorism

Answer 28

Form of exploitation where one animal eats a plant (+ -).

Question 29

Indoleacetic acid

Answer 29

A naturally occurring auxin, synthesised in the shoot tips and responsible for cell elongation in

Question 30

Innate behaviour

Answer 30

Behaviour which is controlled by our biological clock

Question 31

Interspecific relationships

Answer 31

Interactions between different species

Question 32

Intraspecific relationships

Answer 32

Interactions between members of the same species

Question 33

Kinesis

Answer 33

The non-directional movement of an organism in response to a stimulus in which rate of movement depends on the intensity of the stimulus

Question 34

K-strategy

Answer 34

A reproductive strategy where the parents produce few young and give them lots of parental care. Most young survive

Question 35

r-strategy

Answer 35

A reproductive strategy where the parents use their energy to produce lots of offspring but give no parental care to the young. Lots of the young die early

Question 36

Mutualism

Answer 36

A relationship where two species both benefit from the relationship (+,+)

Question 37

Mullerian mimicry

Answer 37

Two or more poisonous species have similar colouration therefore get protection

Question 38

Tropism

Answer 38

Directional growth of a plant towards or away from a stimulus

Question 39

Long day plant

Answer 39

A plant in which flowering can be induced or enhanced by long days (short nights), usually with more than 12 hours of daylights

Question 40

Parasitism

Answer 40

A form of exploitation where one species lives an another to obtain food (+,-)

Question 41

Phototropism

Answer 41

The directional growth of plant organs in response to light. Shoots usually grow towards light

Question 42

Phytochrome

Answer 42

A pigment that exists in two forms- Pr and Pfr. During the day Pr-> Pfr and at night Pfr->Pr. If a plant is an LDP you will have high conc. of Pfr and this will initiate flowering, while if an SDP high conc. of Pf (lower conc. of Pfr) initiate flowering

Question 43

Photonasty

Answer 43

Response to light

Question 44

Navigation tropism

Answer 44

A plant growth response away from a stimulus

Question 45

Nastic movement

Answer 45

Non-directional movement of plants in response to external stimuli

Question 46

Nyctinasty

Answer 46

Response to night

Question 47

Gibberellin

Answer 47

Breaks seeds and bud dormancy (opposite to Absisic acid)

Question 48

Geotropism

Answer 48

The directional growth of plant organs in response to gravity

Question 49

Exploitation

Answer 49

An interaction between species in which one benefits by using the other as a source of food or shelter (+,-)