Animal and Plant Cells Flashcards
What is an organelle?
A small structure in a cell that is surrounded by a membrane and has a specific function.
What is a nucleus?
Controls all the activities of the cell and is surrounded by the nuclear membrane. It contains genes on the chromosomes that carry out the instructions for making protein to build new cells or organisms.
What is a cytoplasm?
A liquid gel in which the organelles are suspended and where most chemical reactions take place.
Define the Cell membrane
Controls the passage of substances such as glucose and mineral ions into the cell. It also controls the movement of substances such as hormones out of the cell.
What is Aerobic respiration?
A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).
Define the mitrochondria
Its where aerobic respiration takes place, releasing energy for the cell. They are very small. (1-2 um)
What is protein synthesis?
The fundamental reaction of protein synthesis is the formation of a peptide bond between the carboxyl group at the end of a growing polypeptide chain and a free amino group on an incoming amino acid
What are ribosomes?
Where protein synthesis takes place making all the proteins needed in the cell.
What is an animal cell made up off?
Nucleas, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes.
How do plant cells make there own food?
Photosynthesis.
Which cells have a cell wall made of cellulose that strengthens the cell and gives it support?
Plant and algal cells.
What does algal cells contain that makes it able to photosyntesise?
A nucleas and chloroplasts.
Define chloroplasts inside a plant.
Chloroplasts are green because they contain the green substance chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs light so the plant can make food by photosynthesis. Root cells do not have chloroplasts because they are underground and do not photosynthesise.
What is a permanent vacuole in a plant?
A permanent vaccuole is a space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap. This is important for keeping the cells rigid to support the plant.
Name the main structures you would expect to find in a human cell.
The cell membrane, the nucleus, and, between the two, the cytoplasm.
Name the three extra features that may be found in a plant cells but not animal cells
Cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.
Suggest why the nucleas and the mitochondria are so important in all cells.
the nucleus controls all cell activities and contains instructions for making new cells or new organisms. mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration and release energy for the cell.
Do all plant cells have chloroplasts?
No not all contain chloroplasts.
Do plant cells and algal cells contain all the structures seen in animal cells and cellulose cell wall?
Yes (Plasma Membrane, Ribosomes, Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus).
Define Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Rough ER is involved in protein synthesis, and smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
Define Golgi Apparatus
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport.
