Animal and Plant Cells

Question 1

What is an organelle?

Answer 1

A small structure in a cell that is surrounded by a membrane and has a specific function.

Question 2

What is a nucleus?

Answer 2

Controls all the activities of the cell and is surrounded by the nuclear membrane. It contains genes on the chromosomes that carry out the instructions for making protein to build new cells or organisms.

Question 3

What is a cytoplasm?

Answer 3

A liquid gel in which the organelles are suspended and where most chemical reactions take place.

Question 4

Define the Cell membrane

Answer 4

Controls the passage of substances such as glucose and mineral ions into the cell. It also controls the movement of substances such as hormones out of the cell.

Question 5

What is Aerobic respiration?

Answer 5

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).

Question 6

Define the mitrochondria

Answer 6

Its where aerobic respiration takes place, releasing energy for the cell. They are very small. (1-2 um)

Question 7

What is protein synthesis?

Answer 7

The fundamental reaction of protein synthesis is the formation of a peptide bond between the carboxyl group at the end of a growing polypeptide chain and a free amino group on an incoming amino acid

Question 8

What are ribosomes?

Answer 8

Where protein synthesis takes place making all the proteins needed in the cell.

Question 9

What is an animal cell made up off?

Answer 9

Nucleas, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes.

Question 10

How do plant cells make there own food?

Answer 10

Photosynthesis.

Question 11

Which cells have a cell wall made of cellulose that strengthens the cell and gives it support?

Answer 11

Plant and algal cells.

Question 12

What does algal cells contain that makes it able to photosyntesise?

Answer 12

A nucleas and chloroplasts.

Question 13

Define chloroplasts inside a plant.

Answer 13

Chloroplasts are green because they contain the green substance chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs light so the plant can make food by photosynthesis. Root cells do not have chloroplasts because they are underground and do not photosynthesise.

Question 14

What is a permanent vacuole in a plant?

Answer 14

A permanent vaccuole is a space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap. This is important for keeping the cells rigid to support the plant.

Question 15

Name the main structures you would expect to find in a human cell.

Answer 15

The cell membrane, the nucleus, and, between the two, the cytoplasm.

Question 16

Name the three extra features that may be found in a plant cells but not animal cells

Answer 16

Cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.

Question 17

Suggest why the nucleas and the mitochondria are so important in all cells.

Answer 17

the nucleus controls all cell activities and contains instructions for making new cells or new organisms. mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration and release energy for the cell.

Question 18

Do all plant cells have chloroplasts?

Answer 18

No not all contain chloroplasts.

Question 19

Do plant cells and algal cells contain all the structures seen in animal cells and cellulose cell wall?

Answer 19

Yes (Plasma Membrane, Ribosomes, Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus).

Question 20

Define Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 20

Rough ER is involved in protein synthesis, and smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Question 21

Define Golgi Apparatus

Answer 21

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport.