Animal Anatomy and Phys Flashcards
Hypotonic
Extracellular fluid is less concentrated than in the intracellular fluid
Red blood cells placed in a __ solution will gain water through osmosis and and burst (hemolysis)
Hypotinic
Hypertonic
extra cellular fluid is more concentrated than the intracellular fluid
Red blood cells placed in a ___ solution will lose water through osmosis and CRENATE (shrivel)
Hypertonic
Isotonic
concentrations of the extracellular and intracellular fluids are equal
Epithelial Tissue
Covers the body’s surface, lines body cavities and forms the active part of glands
Squamous epithelium
thin, flat, plate-like cells
These type of epithelial tissue line blood vessels (endothelium), alveoli of lungs, and thoracic and abdominal cavities
Squamous Epithelium
Cuboidal Epithelium
Cube shaped cells- is important in absorption and secretion. Forms the active part of glands and small ducts, ovary surface, and kidney tubules
Columnar epithelium
tall, rectangular cells
Simple tissues that line the digestive tract from stomach to rectum and is important for absorption and secretion
Connective tissue
widely distributed throughout the body and composed of three elements: cells, fibers, and matrix (ground substance)
Collagen Fibers (white)
long, straight, very strong white fibers composed
Elastic fibers (yellow)
long, thin, branching, stretchable yellow fibers composed of elastin
reticular fibers
fine collagen fibers in a complex network
Skeletal (striated) tissue
voluntary control
long, parallel striated fibers with multiple nuclei located at their periphery
attaches to and moves bones
Smooth muscle tissue
involuntary control
spindle-shaped, smooth cells with a centrally located nucleus
found in walls of hollow organs (digestive tracts, blood vessels)
lacks bony attachments
Cardiac Muscle tissue
involuntary control
long, striated cells are joined at points called intercalated discs
single, centrally located nucleus
found only in the heart
Nervous Tissue
specialized for conducting electrical impulses
major locations are brain, spinal cord, and nerves
two major types- neurons and neuroglial (glial) cells
Cranial
towards the head
rostral
towards the nose (used to describe structures on the head)
Caudal
towards the tail
Dorsal
towards the backbone
ventral
away from the backbone
medial
closest to the median plane
lateral
furthest from the medial plane
proximal
the point closest to the backbone; used especially in reference to the limbs
distal
the point farthest from the backbone; used especially in reference to the limbs
posterior
towards the tail
palmar
bottom of the front foot
plantar
bottom of the rear foot
superficial
towards the outer surface of the animal
deep (directional)
away from the surface of the animal
Osteology
study of bones
axial skeleton
bones found on the midline or attached to it (excludes the limbs)
appendicular skeleton
all of the bones present in the limbs
compact bones (dense)
has very few spaces, appears solid and provides strength and support
Haversian system
osteons… central canal, houses the blood vessels and nerves, canaliculi- small canals that radiate out, connecting all lacunae to each other and the central canal… lamellae- concentric rings of bone
