Animal Anatomy

Question 1

mouth

Answer 1

• MECHANICALLY break up the food
• Enzymes that in the saliva help initiate the CHEMICAL breakdown of large carbohydrates
• The tongue rolls the “food ball” (called a bolus) to the back of the mouth.

Question 2

pharynx

Answer 2

• where rhythmic push the ball of food down the esophagus.

Question 3

esophagus

Answer 3

-muscular tube that continues to perform peristalsis to push the bolus into the stomach. This may result in additional MECHANICAL breakdown of the bolus.

Question 4

stomach

Answer 4

MECHANICAL digestion of the food occur
The stomach has ridges on the inside (that look like accordion pleats) called Rugae that assist in this break up.

CHEMICAL breakdown of nutrients
Pepsin (aka Pepsinogen) is an enzyme that comes from the neighbouring Pancreas (located directly underneath the stomach). This enzyme initiates the breakdown of large proteins into smaller proteins.

Question 5

cardiac sphincter (stomach)

Answer 5

It opens to allow the bolus in and then closes to prevent the stomach contents from splashing back up into the esophagus.

Question 6

pyloric sphincter (stomach)

Answer 6

allows the contents (now referred to as CHYME) into the first part of the Small Intestine.

Question 7

Small Intestine

Answer 7

is approx. 20 ft in length, is lined in finger-like projections called villi, and can be divided up into three main sections.

Question 8

duodenum

Answer 8

other accessory organs (e.g. the gallbladder and pancreas) dump in their enzymes to assist with the remaining chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients

Question 9

jejunum

Question 10

ileum

Answer 10

t is here that the final MECHANICAL and CHEMICAL breakdown of the chyme occurs.
Through further peristaltic contractions and enzymatic breakdown, the nutrients are now small enough that they can fit through the small intestine wall and move into the bloodstream networks that surround the tubing.

Question 11

Accessory Organs

Answer 11

Food doesn’t travel through these structures, but their job is to provide chemical products that assist the breakdown of food.

Question 12

Pancreas

Answer 12

makes many products for the body, including digestive enzymes to help chemically breakdown food.

Question 13

Liver

Answer 13

in addition to other roles, it makes bile and sends it for storage in the gallbladder that is tucked underneath it.

Question 14

Gallbladder

Answer 14

pouch that stores bile (sent from the liver). Bile is a bright green colour and its role is to emulsify fats (just like green dish soap breaks apart grease on dirty dishes) .

Question 15

The entrance to the large intestine is called the

Answer 15

caecum

Question 16

Hanging from the bottom of the caecum is the

Answer 16

appendix

Question 17

When the feces goes into the large intestine, it heads up the first part of the tube called the

Answer 17

ascending colon

Question 18

ascending colon then travels across the body in the

Answer 18

transverse colon

Question 19

transverse colon, and then travels down the

Answer 19

descending colon

Question 20

Whatever remains is sent into the

Answer 20

rectum for storage, until a person chooses to open their anal sphincter and release the waste from their anus.

Question 21

Why is the digestive system important

Answer 21

• The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. They can then be absorbed into the bloodstream so the body can use them for energy, growth and repair. Unused materials are discarded as faeces.
• If you had no digestive system, you would have no ability to get the nutrients and sugars in food, and you would die
• If you had no digestive system, you would have no ability to get the nutrients and sugars in food, and you would die

Question 22

descending ascending traverse

Answer 22

While the feces travels the approx. 5 m length of this tubing, it has its excess water removed and returning it to the bloodstream. If this doesn’t happen properly, the person would have diarrhea. There are also healthy bacteria that live in this tube that ingest some of the feces and as a result they release vitamins for us.